Inhalation model

Figure 27.19. Illustration of early asbestos-induced fibroproliferative lesions in a rat inhalation model. (1) Inhaled fibers deposit at alveolar duct bifurcations. (2) Within 24 hr, macrophages accumulate at sites of fiber deposition and become activated by fibers to secrete growth factors. (3) Within 72hr fibroblasts proliferate.

Gelzleichter, T., Myers, M., Menton, R., Niemuth, N., Matthews, M. (1999). Protection against hotulinum toxins provided by passive immunization with hotulinum human immune globulin evaluation using an inhalation model. J. Appl. Toxicol. 19 35-8. 

Frank, R. 1980. S02-particulate interactions recent observations. Am. J. Ind. Med. l(3-4) 427-434. Frederick, C.B., M.L. Bush, L.G. Lomax, K.A. Black, L. Finch, J.S. Kimbell, K.T. Morgan, R.P. Subramaniam, J.B. Morris, and J.S. Ultman. 1998. Apphcation of a hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based inhalation model for interspecies dosimetry extrapolation of acidic vapors in the upper airways. Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol. 152 (1) 211-231. 

Mossman BT, Marsh JP, Sesko A, et al. 1990b. Inhibition of lung injury, inflammation, and interstitial pulmonary fibrosis by polyethylene glycol-conjugated catalase in a rapid inhalation model of asbestosis. Am Rev RespirDis 141 1266-1271. 

In an allergen inhalation model of asthma, subjects who develop the EAR have an initial drop in circulating eosinophil count followed by a rise at 48 h post-challenge (Cookson et al. 1989). The initial drop may reflect the recruitment of circulating eosinophils to the lung where they participate in the development of a late phase... 

Mossman, B.T., Janssen, Y.M., Marsh, J.P. et al. (1991). Development and characterization of a rapid onset rodent inhalation model of asbestosis for disease prevention. Toxicol. Pathol. 19, 412-418. 

Using the rodent inhalation model depicted in figure 2, mice were assessed for locomotor activity after exposure to methamphetamine vapor, antinociception after exposure to heroin, and motor coordination after exposure to PCP. Temperatures used for volatilization of these drugs are listed in table 2. These temperatures were empirically derived... 

This rodent inhalation model has proven to be reliable in studying the pharmacological effects of a variety of opioids, stimulants, and other drugs of abuse. In addition to predicting the inhalation potential of drugs of abuse by the comparison of inhalation and IV routes of administration, actual tissue concentrations of drug can be approximated with the use of radiolabeled compounds. 

Provides default configuration values for the PBPK inhalation model % Structure c holds the complete PBPK Model Configuration % General parameters obtained from Roy et al., Risk Analysis 16(2)... 

Frederick, C. B., Lomax, L. G., Black, K. A., Finch, L., Scribner, H. E., Kimbell, J. S., Morgan, K. T., Subramaniam, R. R, and Morris, 1. B. (2002). Use of a hybrid computational fluid dynamics and physiologically based inhalation model for interspecies dosimetry comparisons of ester vapors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 183(1), 23-40. 

A guinea pig inhalation model was developed by Karol (1983) to examine immune and pulmonary responses to TDI. Since that time, this model has been used by other investigators to examine immune and pulmonary responses to TDI and other chemical respiratory allergens such as diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) (Karol and Thome, 1988), trimeric hexamethylene diisocyanate (Des-N) (Pauluhn and Eben, 1991), trimellitic anhydride (TMA) (Botham el al., 1988 Pauluhn and Eben,... 

Inhalation is a prominent pathway for radiation dose contributions from environmental or occupational intake of radioactive iodine. The ability to model and predict the kinetics of iodine in the body can be used for internal dosimetric assessments that predict the radiation dose delivered to various tissues. These assessments may be used to assess risk to the individual from inhalation intakes of radioactive iodine, which may occur through two distinct processes depending on its physical form. Iodine bound to particulates may be deposited in the respiratory tract, and iodine gas may be taken up by various tissues in the respiratory system during the breathing cycle. Inhalation models are necessary for estimates of iodine uptake and deposition that may result in radiation dose to workers or members of the public. 

Inhalation model—oxidant stimuli (ozone) and particles (sihca/coal dust, diesel exhaust particles) Tissue-degrading approaches... 

P. Subramaniam, /. B. Morris, and /. S. Ultman, Toxicol. Appl. Pharm., 152, 221 (1998). Application of a Hybrid Computational Fluid Dynamics and Physiologically Based Inhalation Model for Interspedes Dosimetry Extrapolation of Acidic Vapors in the Upper Airways. 

Capacio, B.R., Smith, J.R., Lawrence, R.J., et al., 2008. Gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis of sulfur mustard-plasma protein adduct validation and use in a rat inhalation model. J. Anal. Toxicol. 32, 37-43. 

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