Interleukin receptor antagonist

Emsley HC, Smith CJ, Georgiou RF, Vail A, Hopkins SJ, RothweU NJ, Tyrrell PJ. A randomised phase II study of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in acute stroke patients. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005 76 1366-1372. 

The purported prophylactic use of Japanese herbal medicines to combat neuronal ageing has been related to their free-radical scavenging activity (Hiramatsu a al., 1992). Inhibition of the pro-inflammatory effects of cytokine interleukin-1 by recombinant endogenous interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in experimental rats is associated with alleviation of excitotoxic neuronal damage, an action which has also been related to the antiinflammatory effect of lipocortin 1 (Relton and Roth well, 1992). 

Relton, J.K. and Rothwell, N.J. (1992). Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist inhibits ischaemic and excitotoxic neuronal damr e in the rat. Brain Res. Bull. 29, 243-246. 

IL-Ia. IL-1 8 Interleukin-la, -1(3 ILR Interleukin receptor IL-IR, IL-2R IL-3R - IL-6R Interleukin-1 - 6 receptors IL-lRa Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist... 

Ohlsson, K., Bjorn, P., Bergenfeldt, M Hageman, R., and Thompson, R.C., Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist reduces mortality from endotoxin shock. Nature 348,550-552 (1990). 

Chang, B. S., Fuscher, N. L. The development of an efficient single-step freeze-drying cycle for interleukin-1 receptor antagonist formulation. Pharm. Res. vol. 12, No. 6, p. 831-837, 1995... 

Suzuki, K. et al. Overexpression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist provides cardioprotec-tion against ischemia-reperfusion inj ury associated with reduction in apoptosis. Circulation 104,1308, 2001. 

McColl, S. R., Paquin, R., Menard, C., Beaulieu, A. D. (1992). Human neutrophils produce high levels of the interleukin 1 receptor antagonist in response to granulocyte/ macrophage colony-stimulating factor and tumor necrosis factor a. J. Exp. Med. 176, 593-8. 

Kastrati A, Koch W, Berger PB, et al. Protective role against restenosis from an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist gene polymorphism in patients treated with coronary stenting. J Am Coll Cardiol 2000 36 2168-2173. 

Pharmacology Anakinra is a recombinant, nonglycosylated form of the human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1 Ra). Anakinra differs from native human IL-IRa in that it has a single methionine residue at its amino terminus. It is produced by recombinant DNA technology using an Escherichia coli bacterial expression system. 

Dinarello, C. A. (1995). lnterleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Nutrition 11, 492-494. 

Chang, B.S., G. Reeder, and J.F. Carpenter, Development of a stable freeze-dried formulation of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. Pharm Res, 1996.13(2) 243-9. 

Recombinant human interleukin-1-receptor antagonist Sucrose or trehalose (1% w/v) Lyophilized 4-12 fold increased stability at 50°C [23]... 

Chang, B.S., R.M. Beauvais, T. Arakawa, L.O. Narhi, A. Dong, D.I. Aparisio, and J.E Carpenter, Formation of an active dimer during storage of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in aqueous solution. Biophys J, 1996.71(6) 3399-406. 

Reznikov, L.L., A.J. Puren, G Fantuzzi, H. Muhl, L. Shapiro, D.Y Yoon, D.L. Cutler, and C.A. Dinarello, Spontaneous and inducible cytokine responses in healthy humans receiving a single dose of IFN-alpha2b increased production of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and suppression of IL-1-induced IL-8. J Interferon Cytokine Res, 1998.18(10) 897-903. 

Eizirik, D. L., Tracey, D. E., Bendtzen, K., and Sandler, S. (1991). An interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein protects insulin-producing beta cells against suppressive effects of interleukin-1/8. Diabetologia 34. 445-448. 

The three molecules of the IL-1 family, interleukin-la (IL-la), interleukin-1 3 (IL-ip), and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-IRa) map to the long arm of chromosome two in the human genome. It appears that the family arose via a gene duplication event some 350 million years ago, and the molecules possess between 27.5 and 36% sequence identity with each other (Table 2) [1,14,15]. In addition, the genes for the two IL-1 receptors IL-1R1 and IL-1RII [16,17], and an IL-1R accessory protein (IL-lRacP), which binds to the IL-1, IL-1 receptor complex [18], have been identified. Together, these molecules via their differential activity serve primarily to modulate the host defense mechanism. 

Zhang Y, Roy S, Jones LS, et al. Mechanism for benzyl alcohol-induced aggregation of recombinant human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in aqueous solution. J Pharm Sci 2004(Dec) 93(12) 3076-3089. 

Roy S, Jung R, Kerwin BA, Randolph TW, Carpenter JF. Effects of benzyl alcohol on aggregation of recombinant human interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in reconstituted lyophilized formulations. J Pharm Sci 2005 94(2) 382-396. 

Dinarello CA. 2000. The role of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in blocking inflammation mediated by IL-1. NEJM. 343 732-734. 

Larsen CM, Faulenbach M, Vaag A, Velund A, et al. 2007. Interleukin-1-receptor antagonist in type 2 diabetes mellitus. NEJM. 356 1517-1526. 

Eriksson C., Winblad B., and Schultzberg M. (1998). Kainic acid-induced expression of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist mRNA in the rat brain. Brain Res. Mol. Brain Res. 58 195-208. 

Cohen SB. The use of anakinra, an interleukin-1 receptor antagonist, in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 2004 30 365-380. 

Isoda K, Sawada S, Ishigami N, Matsuki T, Miyazaki K, Kusuhara M et al. Lack of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist modulates plaque composition in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Arterioscler Thromb Vase Biol 2004, 24(6) 1068-1073. 

N8. Norman, J. G., Franz, M. G., and Messina, J., Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist decreases severity of experimental acute pancreatitis. Surgery 117,643—655 (1995). 

Giannoukakis, N., Rudert, W. A., Ghivizzani, S. C., Gambotto, A., Ricordi, C., Trucco, M. and Robbins, P. D. (1999). Adenoviral gene transfer of the interleukin-1 receptor antagonist protein to human islets prevents IL-lbeta-induced beta-cell impairment and activation of islet cell apoptosis in vitro. Diabetes 48, 1730-1736. 

Patti G, Di Sciascio G, D Ambrosio A, et al. Prognostic value of interleukin-1 receptor antagonist in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol 2002 89 372-376. 

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