Interfacial quality

The primary effect of the anode modification on the enhancement in luminous efficiency and the increased stability of OLEDs can be attributed to an improved hole-electron current balance. By choosing an interlayer with a suitable thickness of a few nanometers, anode modification enables engineering of the interface electronic properties. The above results indicate that conventional dual-layer OLEDs of ITO/NPB/Alq3/cathode have an inherent weakness of instability that can be improved by the insertion of an ultrathin interlayer between ITO and HTL. The improvements are attributed to an improved ITO-HTL interfacial quality and a more balanced hole electron current that enhances the OLED performance. 

B.J. Briscoe and S. Zakaria et al. Imperial College London-UK, "Role of Interfacial Quality on Gas Induced damage of Elastomer Composites" Presented at "Explosive Decompression Seminar" June 4, 1990 Red bank NJ, USA. Dan Hertz, Seals Eastern Inc Energy Group Educational Symposium, September 24-25,1991. 

If the adhesive layer was always to represent the weakest link in the joint, the quality of the assembly would be limited to an assessment of the cohesive properties of that layer. Unfortunately it is the interface which tends to be of greater concern because it is here that joint failure is more commonly encountered, particularly after ageing. The most useful tests for indicating interfacial quality are in fact pre-bonding surface inspection procedures, which can nevertheless suggest potential joint performance. The tests used for assessing cohesive properties of the adhesive layer must necessarily be post-bonding activities. 

However, even this approach needs an additional characteristic length. Reddy and Guess proposed the use of the critical intensity factors of the interface comer stress for the prediction of the interfacial quality. The so-called dominance zone of the stress intensity factor must be larger than the plastic zone in this case. This is a reasonable assumption only for certain materials, e.g., ceramics and cleavage fracture of metals, but not for polymers. 

A unique but not yet widespread technique that may influence the interfacial bond quality relies on the localized variation in the polymer modulus normal to the polymer-substrate junction in the composite assembly, as illustrated schematically in Fig. 15 [41,52]. The transversal modulus variation may be accomplished by interposing a tertiary interphase between the substrate and... 

The numerous previous studies of the flow of foam in porous media and of its application for. improving the displacement of oil from such media, have almost always been conducted under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure there have been very few reports of laboratory studies under reservoir conditions. Although many interfacial properties are known to be temperature dependant, little attention has been paid to the influence of temperature upon the properties of foam. Furthermore, the rheological properties of foams, and their effectiveness for the displacement of oil are strongly dependant upon foam quality, which is in turn... 

In the liquid acid-catalyzed processes, the hydrocarbon phase and the acid phase are only slightly soluble in each other in the two-phase stirred reactor, the hydrocarbon phase is dispersed as droplets in the continuous acid phase. The reaction takes place at or close to the interface between the hydrocarbon and the acid phase. The overall reaction rate depends on the area of the interface. Larger interfacial areas promote more rapid alkylation reactions and generally result in higher quality products. The alkene is transported through the hydrocarbon phase to the interface, and, upon contact with the acid, forms an acid-soluble ester, which slowly decomposes in the acid phase to give a solvated... 

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