Interfacial physicochemical approach

A class of colloidal assemblies that evokes interest in its synthesis approaches and physicochemical properties are hollow spheres or capsules [21], Hollow spheres are discrete volume closures that have a well-defined boundary separating the interior from the bulk external environment [8,22], Popular routes for the synthesis of hollow spheres can be categorized into self-assembly, chemical reactions, sequential electrostatic assembly, and interfacial stabilization approaches [9,13,23 0],... 

In the past, emulsion properties were seen from a physical point of view to involve forces and hydrody-namic motion in the interdrop thin film. Thanks to the physicochemical concepts developed for the enhanced oil-recovery processes, a newer physicochemical approach, based on a molecular description of the interaction between the interfacially adsorbed surfactant and the oil and water phases, is now available and will be emphasized here. 

Nakache E., Dupeyrat M., Vignes-Adler M. (1983). Experimental and Theoretical Study of an Interfacial Instability at Some Oil-Water Interfaces Involving a Surface-Active Agent I. Physicochemical Description and Outlines for a Theoretical Approach. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 94(1) 120-127. 

AFM force measurements can be done with a range of surfaces. Conventional AFM tips, however, should not be used for quantitative interfacial force measurements because quantitative comparison with theoretical predictions requires that the radius of the approaching probe be much greater than the separation distance. The latter point has often been overlooked in surface force measurements with standard AFM tips. The coUoid-probe AFM method > > is appropriate for quantitative surface force measurements. A colloidal (usually silica) microsphere attached to the end of the AFM cantilever provides a well-defined, mathematically tractable sphere-vs-flat geometry for the scaling of forces, and allows the use of different colloid materials, or the surface modification of colloid spheres, for investigating interactions between surfaces with various physicochemical properties. 

It was Frumkin who pointed out that the investigations of interfacial phenomena of immiscible electrolyte solutions are also very important from the theoretical point of view [17]. They provide convenient approaches to the determination of various physicochemical parameters, such as transfer and solvation energy of ions, partition and diffusion coefficients, as well as interfacial potentials [7]. It should be remembered here that at equilibrium, either in the presence or absence of an electrolyte, solvents forming the discussed system are saturated in each other. Therefore, these two phases, in a sense, constitute two mixed solvents. 

Kwok D. (1999) The usefulness of the Lifshitz-van der Waals/acid-base approach for surface tension components and interfacial rensions. Colloids Surfa-Physicochem Eng Asp 156 191-200. 

Finally, we wanted to write a book that emphasizes the materials aspects, both their bulk and interfacial properties, as distinct from many other aspects of battery technology. Thus this book reflects our belief that any future progress in the further study of batteries will be based rai the fundamental physicochemical aspects of battery materials. In this context, it is not out of place to point out here that even in the past, the major strides in lithium batteries were also based on a fundamental understanding of the physics and chemistry of battery materials the supreme example of this approach is the work of John Goodenough. 

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