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Solution Interfaces

Butler and Ison S have suggested that variation in corrosion rate can be influenced by surface roughness, which allows a large number of nuclei for steam bubble formation. In these circumstances they have suggested that concentration of ions in solution next to the surface will be greater, and their observations on corrosion damage indicate that the steam bubbles may provide crevices or at least enhanced conditions for dissolution at the triple interface (solution/metal/steam). [Pg.329]

Atmospheric pressure ionization (API) was the first technique to directly interface solution phase with a mass analyzer. [26] In API, a solution of the analyte is injected into a stream of hot nitrogen to rapidly evaporate the solvent. The vapor passes through a Ni source where electrons emitted from the radioactive Ni isotope initiate a complex series of ionizing processes. Beginning with the ioniza-... [Pg.441]

In addition to temperature (which decreases y), the properties of interfaces are governed by the chemistry of the molecules present, their concentration and their orientation with respect to the interface. Solutes adsorbed at an interface which reduce interfacial tension are known as surface active agents or surfactants. Surfactants reduce interfacial tension by an amount given, under ideal conditions, by the Gibb s equation ... [Pg.367]

Model calculations of interface-solute electrostatic interactions reproduce well the view of microenvironment polarities of micelles and bilayers obtained from experimental data [57]. According to molecular dynamics simulations, at 1.2 nm from a bilayer interface, water has the properties of bulk water. At shorter distances, water movement slows as individual water molecules become attracted to the interface. At the true interface, which is a region containing both H2O molecules and the surfactant polar head groups, the water molecules are oriented with... [Pg.2964]

Sirkar KK, Immobilized-interface solute transfer process, US Patent 4,997,569, 1991. [Pg.20]

Whilst the object of this chapter has been to show the extent and type of HPLC technique that is used today in today s environmental laboratories, there are a number of less routine techniques that may or may not have an impact on routine environmental monitoring. One of the most potentially important of these is the use of LC-MS. The problems associated with using LC-MS for trace analysis are twofold one is the usual LC-MS problem of interfacing the second is that of sensitivity of detector. The interfacing problem may well continue to have partial (compared with GC-MS interfacing) solutions such as FAB, and thermospray, etc. However, even given the advances arising from electrospray interfaces the answer may well be to move away from LC-MS to supercritical fluids and SFC-MS. [Pg.246]

In our environment applications and services communicate in a very specific way. Translating CORBA requests to SOAP cannot be performed by a generic gateway without the complete knowledge of the interfaces. Solution 3 is therefore most feasible, allowing for QoS monitoring and control. [Pg.424]

Adsorption of the surfactant onto the solid also makes this an unreliable method for determining the wetting effectiveness of dilute surfactant solution for powdered solids. Because of the small ratio of solution volume to solid-liquid interface, solutions that contain highly surface-active material that adsorbs well at the solid-liquid interface are rapidly depleted of surfactant and may penetrate more slowly than solutions of weakly surface-active material. [Pg.249]

As shown in Figure 9.1 for a nonporous membrane, there is a solute concentration discontinuity at both liquid-membrane interfaces. Solute concentration c 0 is that in the feed liquid just adjacent to the upstream membrane surface, whereas c 0 is that in the membrane just adjacent to the upstream surface. The two are related by a thermodynamic equilibrium partition coefficient Kp defined by... [Pg.508]

When a crystal is growing from a supersaturated solution, solute is leaving the solution at the crystal-liquid interface and becoming part of the crystal. This will deplete the solute concentration in the region of the crystal-liquid interface. Since the concentration of the solute is greater as you go away from the interface, solute will diffuse toward the crystal surface. The... [Pg.56]

C. Korber, Phenomena at the advancing ice-liquid interface solutes, particles and biological cells. Quart. Rev. Biophys., 1988, 21, 229-298. [Pg.191]

In the following sections, first, different formulations of interfacial flows are presented. Then, different interface solution techniques are presented with the details of each method to the extent possible. [Pg.2461]

Hgure 1 Pictorial representation of the steps required for obtaining a 2D map, with the first dimension typically done in IPG strips, followed by equilibration of the focused strips in SDS-interfacing solution and finally by the second dimension run in SDS-PAGE. [Pg.994]

As shown in Figure 1, after the focusing step, the gel strip is transferred to a small test tube and bathed in a 10 volume excess of interfacing solution, for up to 15 min, so as to begin to saturate the isoelectric proteins with the SDS anionic surfactant. Thiol agents (e.g., DTT, TBP) can be omitted if the protein mixture has been properly reduced and alkylated prior to the focusing step. The equilibrated strips are then individually transferred to the upper edge of a... [Pg.999]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.80 ]

See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.39 , Pg.48 ]




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A Molecular Theory of Solutions at Liquid Interfaces

Adlayer structures, electrode/solution interface

Adsorption at the Solid-Solution Interface

Adsorption isotherm metal solution interface

Adsorption-desorption kinetics metal oxide-solution interface

Air-solution interface

Amalgam-solution interface

Amphiphilic Block Copolymer Behavior in Solution and Interfaces

Anion structures, electrode/solution interface

Application to the Solid-Solution Interface

At solid-solution interfaces

Biological solution interface, examination

Cells with Interfaces of Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions

Chromophore/solution interface, molecular

Conformation solution interfaces

Connecting Instruments — Interface Port Solutions

Crude alkaline solution interface

Diffraction studies, electrode/solution interface

Dilute solution-solid interface

Dipolar Solutes at an Aqueous Interface

Electric Double-Layer at Interface of Electrode and Electrolyte Solution

Electrical double layer at the oxide solution interface

Electrochemistry at the cell membrane-solution interface

Electrode solution/metal interface

Electrode-solution interface

Electrode-solution interface electrochemical processes

Electrode-solution interface model

Electrode-solution interface specular reflection

Electrode-solution interface supramolecular

Electrode-solution interface, diffusion

Electrode-solution interface, structural

Electrode-solution interface, structural control

Electrode/solution interface Subject

Electrolyte Solutions, Interfaces, and Geometric Objects

Free energy oxide-solution interface

Free-energy functional method, interface solutions

Gallium interface with solutions

Glucose solutions interfaces

Heat of Adsorption at the Solid-Solution Interface

Hydrogel solution interface

In-Situ STM Study of Electrode-Aqueous Solution Interfaces

Instrumental Methods for Analyzing Polymer Solution Interfaces

Insulator-solution interface

Interface active carbon-electrolyte solution

Interface aqueous solution/nitrobenzene

Interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Interface between two immiscible electrolyte solutions ion transfer

Interface between two immiscible solutions

Interface crystal solution

Interface electrolyte solutions

Interface film-solution

Interface hexadecane/solution

Interface metal/film/solution

Interface of rock/soil-aqueous solutions surfaces

Interface of two immiscible electrolyte solutions

Interface polymer-solution

Interface semiconductor-electrolyte solution

Interface solid-solution

Interface solution Spectroelectrochemical

Interface, surface/solution

Interfaces stationary/solution

Layer at the Insulator-Solution Interface

Liquid interfaces concentrations from bulk solution

Membrane solution interface, couple reactions

Membrane-bathing solution interface

Membrane-solution interface

Mercury-solution interface

Metal crystals, electrode/solution interface

Metal oxide-solution interfaces

Metal oxide-solution interfaces adsorption-desorption

Metal oxide-solution interfaces kinetics

Metal-solution interface experimental

Metal-solution interface molecular approach

Metal-solution interface sensors

Metal-solution interface thermodynamic approach

Metal-solution interfaces that approach

Metal-solution interfaces that approach electrodes

Metal/solution interface

Metal/solution interface potential difference

Mineral/particle solution interfaces

Mineral/solution interfaces

Modeling of the Oxide-Solution Interface

Organized assemblies, solution/interface

Oxide-solution interface

Oxide-solution interface constant capacitance model

Oxide-solution interface diffuse double layer model

Oxide-solution interface electrostatic models

Oxide-solution interface layers

Oxide-solution interface model

Oxide-solution interfaces, theoretical

Oxide-solution interfaces, theoretical model

Oxides, electrode/solution interface

Oxides, electrode/solution interface 424 Subject

Oxygen solution interface, connected

Particle-solution interface

Passivation film-solution interface

Photochemistry at the Solid-Solution Interface

Photoeffect at Semiconductor-Solution Interface

Platinum -solution interface

Platinum -solution interface deposition

Polymer Solution-Air Interface

Polymer-solution interface, definition

Polypyrrole solution interface, structure

Potential perturbation, electrode—solution interface

Potentials at the Interfaces of Immiscible Electrolyte Solutions

Probing Surfactant Adsorption at the Solid-Solution Interface by Neutron Reflectometry

Reconstruction, electrode/solution interface

Redox potential semiconductor-solution interface

Relaxation electrode/solution interface

Resistance anode-solution interface

Resistance cathode-solution interface

Results for the Mercury-Aqueous Solution Interface

Semiconductor-solution interface potential difference

Semiconductor-solution interface, photo current

Semiconductors solution interface

Sensors solution interface

Single electrode/solution interface

Solid-aqueous buffer solution interfaces

Solid-solution interface, redox reactions

Solid/aqueous solution interfaces

Solid/solution interfaces, minerals

Solid—solution interface, surface complexation

Solute rotational relaxation at liquid interfaces

Solute vibrational relaxation at liquid interfaces

Solute-interface interaction

Solutes at Interfaces Dynamics

Solutes at Interfaces Electronic Spectroscopy

Solutes at Interfaces Structure and Thermodynamics

Solutes at interface

Solution of Diffusion Equation Near an Interface

Solution-metal oxide interface layers

Solutions at Interfaces

Spectroscopy electrode/solution interface

Surface complexation models oxide-solution interface

Surface complexation models solid-solution interface

Surface potential oxide-solution interface equilibrium

Surface thermodynamics metal/solution interface

Surfaces electrode/solution interface

The Dilute Solution-Solid Interface

The Solid-Liquid Interface—Adsorption from Solution

The interface between two immiscible solutions

The metal-solution interface

The nature of metal oxide-aqueous solution interfaces some basics

Transport of small solutes and ions across membrane interfaces

Volta potential difference metal solution interface

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