Chromophore/solution interface, molecular

Let us consider the ER signal due to the redox reaction of a surface-confined dye molecule. For simplicity, we assume that, for an electrode/adsorption layer incorporating a chromophore/solution interface, the absorption of the oxidized form is negligibly small, i.e. the oxidized form is colorless. We also assume that the electric dipole moment of the reduced form is of a single hnear dipole and that it has a unique director angle f with respect to the surface normal while its azimuthal angle is two-dimensionally isotropic (Fig. 2.15a). The angle

director vector with respect to the surface normal represents the molecular orientation. 

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