Intangible benefits

High labor costs In processes in which excessive handling is required, such as in batch operation, bulk quantities can often be handled at lower cost and with a smaller workforce. Revised layouts of facilities can reduce costs. Sometimes no direct reduction in the labor force results, but the intangible benefits of a lessened workload can allow the operator to assume greater responsibility. 

It is interesting to note that where expert systems have been implemented in product formulation, early skepticism among potential users has generally changed to a mood of enthusiastic participation. It is unlikely that expert systems will ever replace expert formulators, but as a decision support tool they are invaluable, delivering many measurable and intangible benefits. 

Above all, the rights of the individual must be seen to trump any need or possibility of scientific advance. The duty toward the individual must always have a far higher priority than some intangible benefit that might attach to the population as a whole in the future. In protecting the research subject, the first principle is informed consent . 

Numerous examples of CBAs have been published in the literature recently.However, of all pharmacoeconomic evaluation methods, CBA is probably used the least. Although this method has the advantage of valuing indirect costs monetarily (using the HC and WTP approaches) and intangible benefits (using the WTP approach), the valuation of outcomes such as productivity and quality of life is difficult to perform reliably and meaningfully. ... 

Because of difficulties in measuring indirect and intangible benefits, many CBAs measure and quantify direct costs and direct benefits only. ome researchers assert that these should not be considered true CBAs because they do not take into account the indirect costs and benefits. ... 

Breakout questions What major discoveries or advances related to energy or transportation have been made in the chemical sciences during the past several decades What is the length of time for them to show impact What are the societal benefits of research in the chemical sciences What are the intangible benefits, for example, in health and quality of life What problems exist in the chemical sciences Has there been a real or sustained decline in research investment in either the public or private sector Has there been a shift in off-shore investment ... 

Companies today are looking for ways to reduce raw material costs. Some companies still believe that demanding reduced prices from suppliers is the way to control costs. A more effective way of controlling costs is by doing a supply base reduction process and a preferred supplier selection. When this process is completed successfully the best suppliers are found and real financial benefits as well as many intangible benefits can be obtained by both companies. 

The intangible benefits may provide more compeffing justification for software project within the supply chain. Often, key performance indicators such as market share, customer satisfaction scores, or industry benchmarks can quantify these intangible benefits. For example, a manufacturer might decrease the time taken to supply a customer there may be no direct cost saving but without it there may be no customer. 

Examples of intangible benefits to consider when evaluating and measuring the performance of an enterprise software project include ... 

The benefits are not alw s evident in the short term, so it is important to set realistic time frames for the assessment of aity potential prograrmne effects. Some of the intangible benefits described in the workplace health promotion hterature have been summarized as ... 

Economic feasibility takes into account the cost of the remedial action as composed to the benefits it provides. These benefits include deferred maintenance, avoidance of damage (including loss of life), and other tangible and intangible benefits. 

List and Evaluate Waste Management and Disposal Options List all waste management practices and determine the environmental acceptabihty of each option. Consider regulatory restrictions, engineering limitations, economics, and intangible benefits when determining their feasibihty. 

The e-supply chain solution offered the company many intangible benefits including the redesigning the business processes, better collaboration and trust between stakeholders and satisfied customers. A sample exercise two years after the start of the project also demonstrated some quantifiable benefits including ... 

Evaluation should include all tangible benefits and intangible benefits. The above table is indicative only to demonstrate the relative importance of investments. The actual limit of DCF yield is set by each company depending on financing charges, depreciation rate for a capital asset and the life cycle of the product. 

In addition, we acknowledge that the benefits can be separated into tangible and intangible benefits [19], However, advice for the cost-benefit analysis is offered only related to the tangible benefits. Furthermore, a noteworthy observation is that the models mostly assume that the benefits should and can be quantifiable. In all, our empirical analysis will be based on the assumed usability costs and benefits listed in table 1, acknowledging also the distinctions between tangible/intangible and quantifi-able/non-quantifiable benefits mentioned above. 

Intangible benefits involving the exchange of value and benefits that go beyond the actual services and that are not accounted via traditional financial measures, for example the sense of community and customer loyalty. 

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