Insecticides chemical formula

Chemical Designations - Synonyms 0-0-Dimethyl S-[(4-Oxo-l,2,3-Benzotriazine-3(4H)-yl)Methyl] Phosphorodithioate, Gurthion Insecticide, Gusathion Insecticide Chemical Formula CiqHijNjOjPSj. Observable Characteristics — Physical State (as normally shipped) Solid Color Brown Odor No data. 

Synonyms Asataf Aimthane Chrevron RE 12420 Kitron Orthene Ortril Pillarthene Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Organo-phosphorus insecticide Chemical Formula C4H10NO3PS... 

Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Organo-phosphorus (phosphorodithioate) insecticide Chemical Formula C10H12N3O3PS2 Chemical Structure ... 

Synonym Trichloronitromethane Chemical/Pharmaceutical/Other Class Fumigant insecticide Chemical Formula CCI3NO2... 

Chemical Designations - Synonyms CYTHION Insecticide S-[l,2-Bis(ethoxycarbonyl) ethyl] 0,0-dimethyl phosphorodithioate Chemical Formula CioHijOsPSj. 

The line drawing and chemical formula of Sevin, a common insecticide, appear in the margin. Determine the molar mass of Sevin. 

As the value of these two new chemicals for insecticides became more evident, the need for extended experimental and test work was definitely established. It was necessary to determine chemical formulas, work out analytical methods, obtain knowledge of various physical and chemical characteristics, and complete evaluation of insecticidal action as well as toxicity and effect of residues. Toxicity was concerned with not only insects but humans and other warm-blooded animals. Residual studies included information on persistence and type and amount of residue. This information, once accumulated, must be correlated with similar information on other insecticides. 

The problems of diseases and pests will not be solved merely by a chemical formula that inhibits or destroys fungus spores in vitro. A pesticide ought to have the ability to remain on the plant surfaces long enough to prevent or destroy disease agents and to destroy disease vectors before they attack. This is difficult to achieve under the severe weather conditions of the tropical moist forest, the natural habitat of cacao, where the chemical deposited is in many cases washed away by heavy rain. The inherent tenacity of a fungicide could be improved by the addition of adhesives. An effective adhesive or an alternative for use in combination with fungicides or insecticides in the tropics has not yet been developed. 

The most fundamental properties of a chemical substance are those of the substance in pure form, in most cases as a solid or liquid. Molecular mass can be deduced readily from the chemical formula or structure, although a range of values may exist for commercial mixtures. In some cases, the substance may adopt different structural (e.g., cis-trans) or enantiomeric forms, usually with relatively small physical property differences but with potentially substantial differences in ability to induce toxicity or other biological responses. The hexachlorocyclohexane isomers and enantiomers are examples, the insecticide lindane or y HCH being the most active form. 

The compound 1,4-dichlorobenzene (CAS 106-46-7) is most commonly referred to as para-DCB or p-DCB. It is widely used as a moth killer, in space deodorizers, and in the production of polyphenylene sulfide. It is also used in the manufacture of certain resins, in the pharmaceutical industry, and as a general insecticide in farming. Synonyms for 1,4-dichlorobenzene are 1,4-dichlor-B benzene, 1,4-dichloro benzene, p-dichloro dichlorobenzene, para, solid p-chlorophenyl chloride p-DCB p-dichlorobenzene p-dichlorbenzol parazene PDB para-DCB paradichlorobenzene and paradichlorobenzol. At room temperature, 1,4-dichlorobenzene is a white or colorless crystalline solid with a characteristic penetrating odor. When exposed to air, it is slowly transformed from its solid state into a vapor the released vapor then acts as a deodorizer and insect killer. It is practically insoluble in water and is soluble in alcohol, acetone, ether, chloroform, carbon disulfide, and benzene. Its chemical formula is C6H4CI2. 

The Pesticide Index (ref. 14) lists the following categories of pesticides acaricides, attractants, chemosterilants, defoliants, fungicides, herbicides, insecticides, molluscicides, nematicides, plant regulators, repellents, and rodenticides. Listings are in alphabetical order with structural and molecular formulae for single chemical entities. Other data include CAS nomenclature and number Wiswesser Line Notation LD-50 and test animal data when available physical appearance and safety information. Also provided are a CAS nomenclature index separate molecular (line) formulae of chemicals identified by their common names a separate section of Wiswesser line notations, also with common names an appendix of manufacturers, and an appendix of recent publications dealing with pesticide names. 

Isocyanates are compounds with the general formula R-N=C=0. They have numerous uses in chemical synthesis, particularly in the manufacture of polymers with carefully tuned specialty properties. Methyl isocyanate is a raw material in the manufacture of carbaryl insecticide. Methyl isocyanate (like other isocyanates) can be synthesized by the reaction of a primary amine with phosgene in a moderately complex process, represented by reaction 15.8.1. Structures of three significant isocyanates are given in Figure 15.7. 

As seen from the structural formulas in Figure 16.4, the organochlorine insecticides are of intermediate molecular mass and contain at least one aromatic or nonaromatic ring. They can be placed in four major chemical classes. The first of these consists of the chloroethylene derivatives, of which DDT and methoxychlor are the prime examples. The second major class is composed of chlorinated cyclodiene compounds, including aldrin, dieldrin, and heptachlor. The most highly chlorinated members of this class, such as chloredecone, are manufactured from hexachlorocyclo-pentadiene (see Section 16.3). The benzene hexachloride stereoisomers make up a third class of organochlorine insecticides, and the third group, known collectively as toxaphene, constitutes a fourth. 

Chemical Name (RS)-a-cyano-3-phenoxybenzyl(Z)-(l/ S, 3.RS)-(2-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropanyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclo-propanecarboxylate Uses insecticide CAS Registry No 68085-85-8 Molecular Formula C23H19C1F3N03 Molecular Weight 449.850 Melting Point (°C) ... 

Chemical Name (/CS )-a-cyano-3-phcnoxybcnzyl (/ S )-2-(4-chlorophenyl )-3-methyl butyrate cyano-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-methyl 4-chloro-a-(-1 -methylethyl)benzeneacetate Uses non-systemic insecticide to control a wide variety of pests and also used as acaricide CAS Registry No 51630-58-1 Molecular Formula C25H22C1N03 Molecular Weight 419.901 Melting Point (°C) liquid Boiling Point (°C) ... 

Chemical Name V,V-dimethylcarbamoyloxyimino-2-(methylthio)acetamide ethanimidothioic acid, 2-(dimethylamino)-V-[[(methylamino)carbonyl]oxy]-2-oxo-methyl ester Uses insecticide/acaricide/nematicide CAS Registry No 23135-22-0 Molecular Formula C7H13N303S Molecular Weight 219.261 Melting Point (°C) ... 

Exposures to low levels of pesticides are those that occur when toxic effects are observed following inhalation, ingestion, or dermal absorption of concentrations not known to be toxic. An example is the exposure to a commercial formulation of a bifenthrin-containing (8.15) insecticide that was shown to be neurotoxic at levels 3-4 orders of magnitude lower than the NOEL for bifenthrin alone J34l Other chemicals contained in the commercial formula include a surfactant, heavy petroleum naphtha (5.0-6.5) and aromatic petroleum distillate (5.0-7.0). 

Microencapsulation techniques have been developed to enhance the residual activity of the formula ions by placing a thin chemical shell around the synergized pyrethrins. This allows for a sustained release of the insecticide by diffusion through the shell wall for 30 to 60 days. 

The organophosphorus (OP) insecticides are very toxic to warm-blooded beings but less persistent than the OC compounds. Although their breakdown is more rapid in the environment compared to the above-mentioned OC insecticides, they are stable enough to act as insecticides (S4). Their chemical structure can be characterized by the general formulas shown in Fig. 2. 

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