Insecticides antidotes

Organophosphorus insecticides Insecticide antidotes Toxic gases... 

Duchesnea indica (Andr.) Focke. She Mei (Mock strawberry) (whole plant) Emodin, chrysophanic acid, phytosterol, volatile oil, calcium.60 Insecticide, antidote, treat whitlow, bums, snakebite. 

Because of the high human risks associated with both OP insecticides and the related nerve gases, antidotes have been developed to counteract poisoning by them. Basically, these are of two different kinds ... 

Containers of insecticides and other economic poisons must bear labels showing the name or brand of the article, the net contents, the name and address of the manufacturer or distributor, an ingredient declaration, an appropriate warning or caution statement, including the word POISON (in red), the skull and crossbones, and an antidote statement on highly toxic materials. Adequate directions for use must accompany each economic poison. Devices subject to the act are not required to bear labels but if they... 

Some think that efforts should be made to simplify the nomenclature and to encourage industry to do proper toxicological research and supply methods for analysis before a new compound is submitted for registration. The study of antidotes should be encouraged. It is clear that research in the health hazards as well as the benefits of insecticides must be intensified and that the efforts of different laboratories should be better coordinated. Education of industry, of handlers and operators, of the medical and public health profession, and of the public must be advanced. 

Obidoxime is an antidote used to treat poisoning with insecticides of the organophosphate type (p. 102). Phosphorylation of acetylcholinesterase causes an irreversible inhibition of ace-Ltillmann, Color Atlas of Pharmacology 2000 Thieme All rights reserved. Usage subject to terms and conditions of license. 

Atropine is often used for colds for temporarily draining the nasopharynx. Atropine is also used in combination with other drugs as an antidote for poisonous anticholinesterase agents such as organophosphorous insecticides and neuroparalytic gases, hi such situations, atropine removes or balances toxicities that are a result of a high concentration of acetylcholine. 

Antidotes for poisoning by cholinergic drugs Atropine is used for poisoning by organophosphorus insecticides, chemical warfare nerve gases, and as an antidote for mushroom poisoning caused by muscarine in certain species, such as Amanita muscaria. 

VIII. HYDROXYLAMINES, HYDROXAMATES AND OXIMATES AS ANTIDOTES FOR INTOXICATION BY ORGANOPHOSPHORUS TOXINS (CHEMICAL WARFARE AGENTS) AND ORGANOPHOSPHORUS INSECTICIDES... 

Still another experimental route to introducing otherwise excluded molecules into the brain is to chemically modify them so that they are lipophilic and therefore can passively diffuse. The brain, just as most other organs and tissues of the body, has enzymes to metabolize or biotransform metabolites in order to use and then get rid of them. Many of these pathways are oxidative. A reduced species or derivative which is lipophilic can enter the brain by simple passive diffusion there to be oxidatively transformed into an active state. Compounds which have been tested in animals include derivatives of 2-PAM (an antidote for organophosphate insecticide poisoning) and phenylethylamine (similar to amphetamine type molecules). Figure 5 illustrates the general concept behind this method. 

Atropine is an "antidote" to poisoning by excessive stimulation of cholinergic muscarinic receptors such as occurs in mucarine and organophosphate insecticide poisoning. 

Ct9nACh-R (mixed n-m properties R) ACh-competitive blocker (mACh-R antagonist) [anticholinergic, anti-spasmodic, antidote to organophosphorous insecticide poisoning, mydriatic, toxic, vasodilatorv]... 

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