Inorganic waste streams

System can treat mixed organic/inorganic waste streams without residue or slag. Organic contaminants are used as fuel to reduce operating costs. 

Several additional favorable properties of CBPCs make them an even better candidate for stabilization. The waste form is a dense matrix, generally with very good mechanical properties. Also it is nonleachable, does not degrade over time, is neutral in pH, converts even flammable waste into nonflammable waste forms, performs well within acceptable levels in radiolysis tests, and can incorporate a range of inorganic waste streams (solids, sludge, liquids, and salts). 

Methylbiphenyl is an expensive intermediate in the pharmaceutical industry. The conventional route (with Suzuki coupling as final step) brings along an inorganic waste stream. A relatively inexpensive new route would include cyclohexylation of toluene, separation of isomers, dehydrogenation of the 3-isomer and recycling of the 2- and 4-isomer (see scheme) by isomerization. 

Removing suspended inorganic material from waste streams generated in the beneficiation of ores or nonmetalHc minerals, to form a concentrated slurry that can be used for reclamation of mined out areas or other uses and a clarified water that can be discharged or recycled. 

The influence of human activities in a stream drainage basin can be relatively simple and direct, as in the disposal of soluble organic and inorganic waste, or more subtie and complex, as in the conversion of prairie or forest land to agricultural use. Such effects can be expected to increase as population density and agricultural, industrial, and mining activities increase. 

Inorganic heavy metals are usually removed from aqueous waste streams by chemical precipitation in various forms (carbonates, hydroxides, sulfide) at different pH values. The solubiUty curves for various metal hydroxides, when they are present alone, are shown in Figure 7. The presence of other metals and complexing agents (ammonia, citric acid, EDTA, etc) strongly affects these solubiUty curves and requires careful evaluation to determine the residual concentration values after treatment (see Table 9) (38,39). 

The function of pH adjustment is to neutralize acids and bases and to promote the formation of precipitates (especially of heavy metal precipitates) which can subsequently be removed by conventional settling techniques. These purposes are not mutually exclusive, precipitates can be formed as the result of neutralizing a waste. Conversely, neutralization of the waste stream can result when adjusting the pH to effect chemical precipitation. Typically, pH adjustment is effective in treating inorganic or... 

Residuals Produced The resulting effluent may contain dissolved inorganic salts at concentrations which may be unacceptable for discharge. Based on the chemical composition of the waste stream, a precipitate may be formed which may require removal and disposal. 

Distribution box Serves to distribute the flow from the septic tank evenly to the absorption field or seepage pits. It is important that each trench or pit receive an equal amount of flow. This prevents overloading of one part of the system. Dissolved solids Chemical substances either organic or inorganic that are dissolved in a waste stream and constitute the residue when a sample is evaporated to dryness. 

The pyrolysis produets obtained from a variety of mixed plasties eontaining PVC are investigated. While hydroehlorie aeid is the major chlorinated product produced by PVC pyrolysis, other chlorinated hydroearbons are produced. However, the composition and yield of these compounds are very much dependent upon the other polymers present in the plastic mixture. In the ease of a polymeric waste stream containing inorganic fillers, sueh as ealcium carbonate, the HCl produced by the PVC ean be neutralised in situ, leading to the produetion of inorganic chlorides, alleviating many of the concerns associated with HCl formation. 9 refs. 

The gaseous phase of organic and inorganic contaminants that are collected from gaseous waste-streams can be treated. The most common methods are carbon adsorption and scrubbing with water or chemicals. 

Another need the organisms have in common with man is some inorganic materials. They need small quantities of nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur, plus trace quantities of iron, calcium, magnesium, manganese, zinc, boron, potassium, and cobalt.34 These are generally present in most municipal waters but may be absent from certain industrial waste streams. If this is so, they must be added. 

The Venturi Thermal Oxidizer does not destroy inorganic contaminants. Fumes with a dew point over 120°F should be cooled, condensed, and moisture separated to minimize fuel costs. The system may not be cost effective for contaminant waste streams with low lower explosive limit fume streams. Information in this summary is from the vendor and has not been independently verified. 

Wet air oxidation is applicable to aqueous waste streams containing organic and oxidizable inorganic materials where ... 

Aqueous systems have been used in separations, coatings, and synthesis. Aqueous biphasic systems have been developed for hquid-liquid extractions using water-soluble polymers such as polyethylene glycol, and inorganic salts such as ammonium chloride or potassium phosphate (Rogers et al., 1998), (Sherman et al., 1998). These systems have been investigated for use in the separation and recovery of heavy metals from mixed wastes and in the recovery of colored impurities from textile waste streams (Sherman et al., 1998). 

In California Code of Regulations (CCR) Title 22, the State of California imposes additional requirements for the disposal of waste containing 20 inorganic and 18 organic persistent and bioaccumulative toxic substances (CCR, 1991). Hazardous characteristics of waste streams contaminated with these substances are determined as Total Threshold Limit Concentrations (TTLQ and Soluble Threshold Limit Concentrations (STLC), shown in Appendix 4. 

List all components in the waste stream, along with any key parameters. For instance, for a wastewater stream these could be water, organic compounds, inorganic compounds (both dissolved and suspended), pH, etc. 

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