96 nanomaterials inorganic, synthesis

Bilecka, I. and Niederberger, M. (2010) Microwave chemistry for inorganic nanomaterials synthesis. Nanoscale, 2, 1358-1374. 

Materials science goes back to prehistoric times, where people started to utilize rocks, bones, leather, and other materials they found in nature to fabricate tools and clothing. Later, the knowledge evolved and metals, alloys, ceramics, and fabrics replaced the older materials with inferior properties. In recent times, the knowledge of materials and processing improved further and more advanced materials for more sophisticated (or fashionable) applications have become available. The synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials of specific composition and size is a burgeoning area of materials science research. 

The approaches used for preparation of inorganic nanomaterials can be divided into two broad categories solution-phase colloidal synthesis and gas-phase synthesis. Metal and semiconductor nanoparticles are usually synthesized via solution-phase colloidal techniques,4,913 whereas high-temperature gas-phase processes like chemical vapor deposition (CVD), pulsed laser deposition (PLD), and vapor transfer are widely used for synthesis of high-quality semiconductor nanowires and carbon nanotubes.6,7 Such division reflects only the current research bias, as promising routes to metallic nanoparticles are also available based on vapor condensation14 and colloidal syntheses of high-quality semiconductor nanowires.15... 

Synthesis forms a vital aspect of the science of nanomaterials. In this context, chemical methods have proved to be more effective and versatile than physical methods and have therefore, been employed widely to synthesize a variety of nanomaterials, including zero-dimensional nanocrystals, one-dimensional nanowircs and nanotubes as well as two-dimensional nanofilms and nanowalls. Chemical synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials has been pursued vigorously in the last few years and in this article we provide a perspective on the present status of the subject. The article includes a discussion of nanocrystals and nanowires of metals, oxides, chalcogenides and pnictides. In addition, inorganic nanotubes and nanowalls have been reviewed. Some aspects of core-shell particles, oriented attachment and the use of liquid-liquid interfaces are also presented. 

Kanishka Biswas received his BSc degree from Jadavpur University, Kolkata in 2003. He is a student of the integrated PhD programme of Indian Institute of Science, Bungalore and received his MS degree in 2006. He has worked primarily on the synthesis and characterization of inorganic nanomaterials. 

As various organic monomers, such as acrylamide, acrylonitrile, vinyl acetate, maleic acid and styrene, can polymerize at the same time as forming inorganic nanomaterials, various kinds of polymer-inorganic nanocomposites can be prepared at room temperature by a y-irradiation synthesis method. 

Chemistry plays an important role in the fabrications of new functional materials with desired properties from conceptual point of view via tuning of microstructural properties. The synthetic approach of functional Inorganic nanomaterials with their novel properties and with their applications is a powerful driving force for the scientists in materials science. The synthesis of single source precursor was carried out based on molecular structure design concept (MSDC) for the stabilization via transformation into a solid crystalline nanostructure material with improved structural and properties. Single source precursor is a molecular entity which contains all the necessary elements of a final product in a well-defined structural formula [36-42]. It is of three types as shown below ... 

Temperature-programmed reactions (TPR), developed by Volpe and co-workers, are efficiently used for the synthesis of metal carbides [45]. This method is prominent for the synthesis of metal carbides and other inorganic nanomaterials of desired shape and properties. Metal oxides are essentially heated at high temperature in the presence of hydrocarbon. In this synthesis method, the reactant gases of optimized ratio of CH4/H2 or are passed over the metal oxides. After the... 

Zhonghao L, Zhen J, Yuxia L, Tiancheng M (2008) Ionic liquids for synthesis of inorganic nanomaterials. Curr Opin Solid State Mater Sci 12(1) 1-8... 

Previously, dendrimers were used as organic matrices for the synthesis of a variety of inorganic nanomaterials and inorganic-organic composites [36, 159]. Dendrimers with different generations have been discovered as active additives for the controlled crystallization of CaCOs [159,160]. It has been demonstrated that anionic starburst dendrimers can stabilize spherical va-terite particles for up to a week with controllable particle size in the range of 2.3-5.5nm in dependence on the dendrimer generation number [161]. In addition, the combination of poly(propylene imine) dendrimers with oc-... 

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