Inoculum, source

Fig. 3.2. Translocation of from inoculum source to wood bait sink by basidiomycetes. (a) Experimental design, (b) Effect of inoculum volume upon translocation rates. Derived from Wells and Boddy (1995b).

The results of the immediate and the 15-minute post-treatment study are listed in Tables 6 and 7. The data indicate that moisture level of the inoculum source can influence bacterial counts and impact results of studies designed to test efficacy of an antibacterial product. Furthermore, the consistency of the results declines as subjects acquire bacteria from sources other than a broth culture. Because consumers are often exposed to bacteria by touching contaminated objects, use of a broth inoculate may not always be appropriate when assessing the... 

Tableii shows a comparison between fermentability values utilizing rumen and human inocula on the same substrates. A comparison of this nature may have inherent inequalities due to differences in inoculum source and collection procedures. These parameters have been evaluated by a number of workers (11, 17, 18). The differences in nutritional schemes between animal species have an effect on microbial populations. Fermentability estimates of a particular substrate are biologically acceptable with respect to the inoculum source.

Fermentability using human fecal inoculum ranges from a high of 91% (cabbage) to a low of 0% (Maillard product) demonstrating the sensitivity of human microflora to different fiber sources. Fermentability of cellulose by human fecal microflora (23Z) is substantially less than rumen microflora (94%). The microflora in the human intestine may be more affected by fiber composition than rumen microflora. Work by Bryant (19) and Jeraci (11) leads to speculation that variation among inoculum sources in humans on a particular substrate could be greater than in other species. 

Aflatoxin-producing fungi in preharvest corn. Inoculum source in insects and soil. J. Environ. Qual., 9, 691-694. 

Contrary to the results obtained by Lee et al. (2010), methane had an insignificant effect on benzene or toluene degradation in the study carried out by Lee et al. (2013). In this experiment landfill cover soil was used as an inoculum source to enrich a methane, benzene, and toluene-degrading consortium MBT14. The consortium was able to simultaneously degrade methane, benzene and toluene (Table 5.5). However, the coexistence of benzene and toluene inhibited the methane degradation rates. 

Elbeshbishy, E., Nakhla, G., Hafez, H., 2012. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) of food waste and primary sludge influence of inoculum pre-incubation and inoculum source. Bioresource Technology 110, 18—25. 

The inoculum source is another factor affecting the anodic microbial community and activity. Kim et al. [67] suggested that start-up of an MFC is most successful with biofilm harvested from the anode of an existing MFC. In another study, enrichment of the bacteria on the anode of an MFC resulted in increased power output and a change in the bacterial community [17]. 

For the evaluation of preparations to be used against pathogenic fungi, suitable cultures of these pathogens should be used. To test substances intended to inhibit general contaminants, cultures of common fungi obtained conveniently by exposing Petri dishes of solid media to the atmosphere may be used, or alternatively dust or soil may be used as a source of a mixed inoculum. 

Laboratory studies on the rate of degradation of phenanthrene using samples from a contaminated site showed that this depended critically on the source of the inoculum within the site (Sandoli et al. 1996). 

Water extendible metalworking fluids are susceptible to contamination by microorganisms, used coolants in particular can be very easily colonised. Metalworking systems are open to the air and are constantly inoculated with micro-organisms. Sources of inoculum include ... 

Many grasses are known to act as reservoirs and sources of primary C. purpurea inoculum (Hoffmann and Schmutterer, 1983 Agrios, 1997). Since beetle banks and non-crop field margins are commonly used in organic farming to increase biodiversity, it is possible that these areas may also become sources of Claviceps inoculum. The goal for farmers must be to achieve a balance between the benefits of on-farm biodiversity (e.g. improved habitat for pest predators) and the risk of increased infection by fungi such as Claviceps. 

Preparation. Traditionally, soaked, hand-dehulled and briefly boiled soybeans are inoculated with small pieces of tempeh from a previous fermentation, wrapped in banana leaves which also serve as a source of inoculum, then left at room temperature for 1-2 days. 

Figure 2. Biodegradation of P(SA-VA)-8160[61] by P(SA VA)-degrading strains. Pseudomonas sp. Cl and C2. Double inoculum of Cl and C2 was cultivated in an inorganic medium containing 0.23 polymer as the sole carbon source in a shaking flask at 30 T].(Reproduced with permission from Ref. 11. Copyright 1988 The Society of Polymer Science.)...

Inoculum. Pleurotus sajor-caju was grown at 30°C on the above medium containing 1% glucose as a carbon source in 250 ml Erlynmeyer flasks on rotary shaker at 200 rpm for 60 h. The mycelial biomass thus produced was blended in a Waring blender for 1 min. under aseptic conditions in order to obtain an homogenous inoculum of well dispersed mycelial bits. The inoculum was used at the rate of 10% vol/vol. The inoculated experimental Erlynmeyer flasks were incubated at 30 C on a rotary shaker at 200 rpm for various intervals of time. 

CO2, a blank compost inoculum without an additional carbon source (polymer sample) is simultaneously tested under the same conditions. The CO2 content of the exhaust air of both vessels is compared. After subtracting the CO2 evolution of the blank inoculum, the CO2 evolution related to the test polymer is monitored and plotted as a biodegradation curve (see Fig. 1). Finally, the activity of the compost inoculum in the controlled composting test is validated using a cellulose reference instead of the polymer. In Fig. 1, the biodegradation curve of Ecoflex is depicted. After 80 days, 90% of the theoretical CO2 evolution is reached. Thus, Ecoflex is ultimately biodegradable according to the ISO standard for compostable polymers (ISO 17088), which requires 90% of the theoretical CO2 evolution within 180 days. 

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