Injury, types

Luo, Z. D., Calcutt, N. A., Higuera, E. S., Valder, C. R., Song, Y. H., Svensson, C. I., and Myers, R. R. (2002). Injury type-specific calcium channel alpha 2 delta-1 subunit up-regulation in rat neuropathic pain models correlates with antiallodynic effects of gabapentin. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 303, 1199-1205. 

There were seven occupational-dummy variables, seven year-dummy variables, and eight industry-dummy variables included in the model. There were also dummy variables for the following injury types back sprain and strain, other sprains and strains, fractures, contusions and concussions, and lacerations. 175.50 was the average in 1996 for our sample. 1998 and 1997 data were judged to have too many open claims to be used as a measure of costs per worker 1998 had 52 percent of claims still open, while 1997 had 45 percent of claims stiU open. For 1996, oiily 12.6 percent of claims were open. We didn t use earher years (with still fewer open claims) because of a concern that they might be less relevant for the survey results and because of cost-of-hving differences. 

Table 4.3 Means of Independent Variables for Full Sample and by Injury Type (standard deviation in parentheses)... 

The omitted injury type is Other sprain and strain. ... 

Injury type and incident type codes were close to reality. 

Five of the 15 forms received require entry of codes for causal factors, incident types, and injury t)q)es. When computer analysis programs first became available, I had been an aggressive promoter of the entiy of causal factor codes for later analysis. That proved to be inappropriate because accurate causal data are often not included in supervisors investigation reports or in insurance claims reports. Now, I recommend that computer-based analysis systems not include provision for causal data entry. They serve analysis purposes quite well for types of accidents, injury types, parts of body injured, and identification data (location, age, job title, etc.). 

Injury type and incident type codings were at a much higher accuracy level than codes for causal factors. Incident type and injury type analyses would provide information from which to commence further inquiry. 

So the choice is limited to deviation, contact mode of injury, type of irtjury. 

Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) BLS, an agency within the U.S. Department of Labor, compiles work-related injury, illness and death statistics for workers in the United States. BLS refers to this activity as the Injuries, Illnesses and Fatalities (IIF) program. While the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sets rules for work-related injury and illness recordkeeping, BLS compiles information from data submitted by employers. Refer to BLS annual and other reports for detailed statistics on injuries, illnesses, and deaths broken down by age, industry, occupation, injury type, and other factors. 

The classification system of Salter and Harris which separates fractures into five main types is most widely used (Salter and Harris 1963) (Fig. 10.5). Other fracture types have since been added to the original classification (Ogden 1981 Rang 1983). In a further classification Peterson added additional categories (Peterson et al. 1994) while including type I to IV Salter Harris injuries, type V is deleted and two new types of fractures metaphyseal fractures with linear injuries that pass into the growth plate, and major trauma that results in destruction of part of the physis. 

Torode and Zeig classification of pelvic fractures. Type I avulsion injuries. Type II Iliac wing fractures (stability of the ligament complex). 

Type B and C fractures are Salter-Harris II injuries. Type B injuries are the more common, and have the metaphyseal spur on the medial side, and apex lateral angulation due to the pull of abductor pollicis longus (Fig. 19.29). Type C fractures have the opposite pattern, i.e. the spur is lateral and the angulation is apex medial (Figs. 19.30,19.31). Angulated Type C fractures are more difficult to treat by closed reduction than type B, but both are problematic. 

Fig. 20.10. Classification of growth plate injuries. Type 1 There is complete separation of the physis from the underlying vertebral body. Associated tears of the anterior longitudinal ligament (ALL) and posterior longitudinal ligament (PLL) result in vertebral displacement. The intervertebral disc is intact in this type of injury. Type 11 There is incomplete separation of the physis along with a corner fiake of the vertebral body. The intervertebral disc is intact. Type III This injury is a combination of physeal and intervertebral disc injury. In Type lllA, the PLL is torn but the ALL is preserved. In Type IIIB, the ALL is torn but the PLL is intact. Type IV There is a fracture of the vertebral body that traverses the physis and the intervertebral disc...

By analyzing their accidents/incidents, companies are in abetter position to compare apples to apples rather than apples to oranges. Companies will be able to identify not only the types of injuries, types of accidents, and types of causes, but they will also be able to intervene and provide recommendations for preventing these accidents/incidents in the future. Companies will be able to say with confidence that I do or I do not have a safety and health problem. If a company finds that it has a problem, the analysis and data will be essential, especially if it is trying to elicit advice on how to address health and safety needs. 

The damage caused by the atmospheric dispersion of radioactive material may be the result of ln<]iury of people or the contamination of property. The Injury type of damage may be further categorized as those Injuries which result from direct exposure to the cloud of contaminants (direct effects) and those which result from material deposited on the ground (Indirect or residual effects). 

One useful step in making decisions about OHS in a particular workplace is to compare the data on work-related injury and disease in that workplace with national, state, province, territory figures for occupations in that workplace and for similar types of industry. This can give an idea of the types of workers most at risk, and the types of occmrences which need to be addressed first. It allows you to benchmark yoiu workplace against other similar ones. For your particular workplace, it is possible to ask your compensation insiuer for a breakdown of injury types, injmy severity, injirry frequency rates, injury duration, and claims costs, and relate these to particular sections or parts of your workplace. 

Interpreting trends in injury types, and factors affecting trends... 

External factors can also affect trends in injury types. Greater public awareness of a problem, e.g. occupational overuse syndrome, may encourage more workers to report it. An organization with marty staff in vehicles may be affected by changes in roads and road layout, or by imusual weather patterns. 

Name Injury Type Description Root Cause Action Plan... 

Lou ZD, Calcutt NA, Higuera ES, et al. Injury type-specific calcium channel alpha2delta-l subunit... 

A large majority of organizations do not have fatalities, but they may have serious injuries. As will be shown later in this chapter, data derived from analyses of serious injuries may be influential in focusing attention on incidents that have fatality potential. For example, the 2009 State of the Line Report (Mealy,2005,2006,2009) issued by the National Council on Compensation Insurance shows that injury frequenqr had declined consistently for all injury types—except for permanent total disabilities—cases that should be analyzed for the predictive data that might be produced. Surely, the best interests of employees and employers are served if improvement is made in the reduction of both serious injuries and fatalities. 

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