Injury predisposition

Chronic injury results primarily from secondary reactions involving membrane injury. The oxidants could cause the formation of free radicals or other, more stable oxidants (such as hydrogen peroxide), which in turn could cause secondary reactions. These secondary reactions could stimulate the production of cellular ethylene, with tissue senescence re suiting. These secondary reactions may predispose plants to increased injury from later acute exposures by limiting their repair capability. This predisposition concept has been noted in several reports. 

Possible Predisposition to Injury. Stomatal behavior may be an important determinant of the amount of suppression of photosynthesis and resultant visible damage. Measurements of temperature, vapor pressure gradient, and total oxidant continuously during July and August in the conifer forest indicate that the maximum oxidant concentration occurs between 1600 and 1900 PST when both vapor pressure gradient and temperature are decreasing rapidly (7) in other words, the oxidant arrives with the cool, moist, marine air. 

Infection during childhood can be related to close contact within the family or in day centres and schools (258), particularly those for mentally disabled children and adults. (145) The prevalence of HBV in child molesters is high. (158) Children normally maintain close physical contact, which may involve mutual skin injuries. (I5l, 191, 199, 219) Initial HBV infections sustained in childhood are generally associated with a very high carrier rate (20-30%), whereas with advancing age the predisposition to carrier state decreases to about 5%. An HBsAg-positive child can, therefore, be the source of intrafamilial horizontal infection. From this angle, too, the necessity of preventive vaccination is obvious. (176)... 

Cigarette smoking is the primary modifiable risk factor for the development of COPD however, the disease can be attributed to a combination of risk factors that results in lung injury and tissue destruction. The risk factors associated with the development of COPD can be divided into host factors and environmental factors (Table 27-1), and commonly, the interaction between these risks leads to expression of the disease. Host factors, such as genetic predisposition, may not be modifiable but are important for identifying patients at high risk of developing the disease. Environmental factors, such as tobacco smoke and occupational dust and chemicals, are modifiable factors that, if avoided, may reduce the risk of disease development. 

JACOBSON The lettuce plants in the greenhouse were exposed to rain from a nozzle which simulated both the intensity and the droplet diameter of ambient rainfall. We found in previous experiments that it s not only the acidity of rain that s important in determining the development of foliar lesions or growth effects in addition, it s the duration and frequency of exposure, the intensity of rainfall, and, of course, the cultural conditions of the plant, which change their predisposition to injury. 

Pre-employment evaluation of workers serves the purpose of primary prevention against occupational skin disease. Screening prospective workers for an increased risk of developing occupational contact psoriasis, by looking for personal and familial psoriatic background and the physical markers of the disease, may be important in job placement. Workers with predisposition to psoriasis should be discouraged from holding jobs that expose them to risk of skin injury and repetitive trauma. 

Somewhere in the mosaic of atherosclerosis, vascular sensitivity and reaction resembling an allergic response may occur. Hypertension of renal origin may be paralleled by the contribution of some component by the kidney (or by some sources excited by the hypertension or Injured kidney) that causes a predisposition of the arterial wall toward atherosclerosis. Vascular Injury of the "serum sickness" type from vascular... 

Figure 1 Multiple environmental factors in combination with a genetic predisposition may cause pulmonary fibrosis. Multiple hits may be required to develop pulmonary fibrosis [(i) injury and (ii) a genetic predisposition]. The genetic predisposition allows lung injury to cause aberrant biochemical changes in which leucocytes and nonleukocytes release enormous amounts of profibrotic mediators in combination with an overzealous/ persistent immune response. Ultimately the lung remodeling mechanism ends in fibro-plasia/fibrosis.

A variety of factors can affect a person s sensitivity and tolerance to heat, such as age, gender, ethnicity, body dimensions, weight, physical fitness, acclimatization, metabolism, alcohol or drug use, and medical conditions such as obesity, hypertension, and history or predisposition to heat injuries. Individuals with degenerative cardiovascular system diseases, diabetes, and/or malnutrition are at increased risk when exposed to heat and when stress is placed on the cardiovascular system (Ogawa 1998 NIOSH 1986). 

Microvascular injury and an increase in the number of synovial-limited cells appear to be the earliest lesion in rheumatoid synovitis. Family studies indicate a genetic predisposition. There is a strong association between R A and the class II major histocompatibility complex gene product HLA-DR4 (and especially DRai-0404). 

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