Microvascular injury

Naito, Y., Yoshikawa, T., Kaneko, T., linuma, S., Takahashi, S. and Kondo, M. (1992). Role of active oxygens in indomethacin-induced gastric mucosal microvascular injury in rats. Gastroenterology 102, A131. 

Increased oxygen demand secondary to increased heart rates and blood pressure has been hypothesized to lead to myocardial infarction (especially in patients with fixed coronary disease) and/or ventricular arrhythmias. In patients with no history of cardiac disease, cocaine is thought to induce acute isehemie complications via vasospasm of the coronaries (Ascher et al. 1988). In addition, Virmani et al. (1988) have reported a 20 percent incidence of myocarditis thought to be secondary to accumulated microvascular injuries. 

Physiologically, the maintenance of blood circulating freely in the vascular system reflects a meticulous balance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. After microvascular injury subendothelial structures are exposed to which platelets adhere. This is followed by their aggregation and activation of the coagulation cascade with the ultimate conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin. 

Frontczak-Baniewicz, M., Gadamski, R., Barskov, I., and Gajkowska, B. (2000). Beneficial effects of GM1 ganglioside on photochemically-induced microvascular injury in cerebral cortex and hypophysis in rat. Exp. Toxicol. Pathol. 52, 111—118. 

Lim BJ, Kim PK, Flong SW, Jeong FIJ. Osteopontin expression and microvascular injury in cyclosporine nephrotoxicity. Pediatr Nephrol 2004 19 288-294. 

Endothelial dysfunction and microvascular injury start at the interphase of the endothelium with the bloodstream. Reperfusion of ischemic vasculature results in production of excessive quantities of vasoconstrictors, oxygen-free radical formation and neutrophil activation and accumulation. Neutrophils and macrophages further increase... 

Noris, M., Ruggenenti, P, Todeschini, M., Figliuzzi, M., Macconi, D., Zoja, C., Gaspari, F., and Remuzzi, G., Increased nitric oxide formation in recurrent thrombotic microangiopathies a possible mediator of microvascular injury, Am. J. Kidney Dis., 27, 790, 1996. 

Ito Y, Bethea NW, Abril ER, McCuskey RS (2003) Early hepatic microvascular injury in response to acetaminophen toxicity. Microcirculation 10 391 00 ItoY, Abril ER, Bethea NW, McCuskey RS (2004) Role of nitric oxide in hepatic microvascular injury elicited by acetaminophen in mice. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 286 G60-G67... 

Carden D, Xiao F, Moak C, Willis BH, Robinson-Jackson S, Alexander S Neutrophil elastase promotes limg microvascular injury and proteolysis of endothelial cadherins. Am J Physiol 1998 275 H385-H392. 

Soulis T, Thallas V, Youssef S, et al. Advanced glycation end products and their receptors co-locafise in rat organs susceptible to diabetic microvascular injury. Diabetologia 1997 40 619-628. 

Dvorak HE, Gresser I. Microvascular injury in pathogenesis of interferon-induced necrosis of subcutaneous tumors in mice. J Natl Cancer Inst 1989 81 497-502. 

Demling, R.H. (1982). Role of prostaglandins in acute pulmonary microvascular injury. NY Acad. Sci., 384, 517-533... 

Microvascular injury Angiotensin II (AT) receptor blockers, contrast agent (iopamidol), sorafenib... 

Magro CM, Ross P, Marsh CB, et al. The role of anti-endotheUal cell antibody-mediated microvascular injury in the evolution of pulmonary fibrosis in the setting of collagen vascular disease. Am J Clin Pathol 2007 127 237 247. 

Zisper, B.D., Johanson, C.E., Gonzalez, L., et al., 2007. Microvascular injury and blood-T rain barrier leakage in Alzheimer s disease. Neurobiol. Aging 28, 977-986. 

Microvascular injury and an increase in the number of synovial-limited cells appear to be the earliest lesion in rheumatoid synovitis. Family studies indicate a genetic predisposition. There is a strong association between R A and the class II major histocompatibility complex gene product HLA-DR4 (and especially DRai-0404). 

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