Inherently Simple Design

Maximize opportunities to improve inherently safer design Ensure engineering decisions are simple and robust Optimize configuration and layout... 

Bioreactor operation and scale-up are not completely independent processes and should be assessed as different aspects of the same problem. Bioreactor operation must then consider process scale-up not only as the next step but also, as in the classic scale-down method, as a starting point. This means that bioreaction design should be done in scalable systems. A scalable system has to be inherently simple and reliable in operation and control, for easy validation and control in a production facility [56]. 

Classical methods of final measurement will long continue to be important. In the first place, they are inherently simple. For an occasional determination or standardization the use of a titration or gravimetric determination often will require the least time and effort and will involve no investment in expensive equipment. Second, classical methods are accurate. Many instrumental methods are designed for speed or sensitivity rather than accuracy, and often must be calibrated by classical methods. 

Limestone Long-Term Test with One Scrubber Loop and Forced Oxidation. A one-scrubber-loop system has an inherent advantage over a two-scrubber-loop system in its simple design and lower capital and operating costs. If a simple one-loop limestone (or lime) system is operated with adipic acid, which offers the advantage of lower operating pH, then both good SO2 removal and sulfite oxidation can be achieved with minimum cost. 

The design of the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) represents a complete design fijr a nominal 600 MWe power plant. The rated thoina] output of the reactor core is 2000 MWt, and the rated NSSS thermal output is 1996.1 MWth. The SBWR incorporates innovative, yet proven, concq>ts to fiirther amplify an inherently simple direct cycle nuclear plant. The features selected are all proven concepts in large nuclear power plants. 

As it was already mentioned, the LSPR has a long-life core, incorporates many inherent safety features, has a simple design with easy maintenance and operation, has a small size core is transportable and designed to operate with a sealed reactor vessel. 

Ion-selective electrodes are widely used in pharmaceutical analysis. Numerous ion-selective electrodes based on poly(vinyl)chloride (PVC) have been constructed in order to determine various pharmacologically active substances in pharmaceutical preparations. The inherent advantages of ISE-s are simple design, construction and manipulation, reasonable selectivity, fast response time, low cost, adequate detection limit and adequate precision and accuracy. Therefore, the ISE potentiometric method is very attractive for pharmaceutical analysis. The first part of this chapter describes the properties and uses of PVC, as well as the general characteristics and preparation of the polymer membranes of ion-selective electrodes. The second part deals with the development of solid contact electrodes formed on non-crystal electrodes with a microporous matrix (e.g., vinyl polychloride dissolved in an appropriate modifier) selective for various nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAlD-s) and their applications in pharmaceutical research. 

A reliable and simple design of the RUTA is ensured, first of all, by the lack of excess pressure in the primary coolant (in the reactor pool). NHPs with such reactors are characterized by inherent safety features and could be located in the immediate vicinity of the... 

The simple design modification shown in Fig. 3 to severely reduce the harmful effects of induced peel stresses can be applied equally effectively to single-lap joints. It is even more important to do so than for double-lap joints because the peel stresses are inherently higher in one-sided bonded joints. 

On the other hand, branched building blocks [30] possess inherent branching points remote from the site of connection. These monomers can be simple or complex in design and have been used in both divergent and convergent synthetic strategies. In addition, branched monomers can also be used to install utilitarian functionality within cascade molecules. 

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