Design Modifications

Further design modifications to improve energy efficiency are likely, particularly if the cost of energy should increase significantly. 

When steam blanketing is occurring, corrosion can take place even without the presence of caustic, due to the steam—magnetite reaction and the dissolution of magnetite. In such cases, operational changes or design modifications may be necessary to eliminate the cause of the problem. 

Demolition and alteration to existing structure Surplus equipment, supplies and materials, royalty payments Design modifications, construction modifications, and extra work during startup... 

Table 28.2. Design modifications to overcome over-stressing of collar-plate weld...

The solution that has been adopted by makers of composite soundboards is to fabricate a sandwich structure where a layer of high-quality cardboard is glued between two identical layers of CFRP (Fig. 28.22). The philosophy of this design modification is to replace some CFRP by a much lighter material in those regions that contribute least to the overall stiffness of the section. 

Prime use Process and maintenance operations Process and maintenance operations Design modifications... 

TEST, TEST, TEST Test the power supply against the requirements stated in the design specification. If they do not meet the requirements, some design modifications may be necessary. Make baseline measurements so... 

The standard requires all design modifications to be identified, before their implementation (including changes to proprietary designs). 

Engineers will constantly seek ways of reducing manufacturing costs. As these design modifications are made, economic evaluations of changes must be made. 

In many cases design modifications can substantially improve the productibility of the products and reduce their cost with improved product quality. As an example if voids exist the problem can usually be corrected by modifying or changing the plastic s composition and/or the use of a vacuum system during the casting. Understanding the effects of the process on the product is essential in making successful products. 

Scotch marine boilers (SM boilers) derive their name from the Scottish shipyards that built marine vessels for the British Navy. They were the first design of FT boiler to incorporate both furnace tubes and fire tubes inside the shell and replaced the brick-set boilers that used to burn through the bottoms of ships. The SM boiler was a particularly versatile design and quickly became the boiler of choice for many stationary (land) applications as well as for marine duty. Land-based SM boilers (now commonly called Scotch boilers) were not simply marine boilers adapted for stationary duty but incorporated specific design modifications to meet the requirements of land-based industry. 

Selective catalytic reduction (SCR) and selective noncatalytic reduction processes (SNCR) are widely employed in large industrial and utility boiler plants, as well as in municipal waste incineration plants and other combustion processes. They are used to complement mechanical improvements (such as low NOx burners and furnace design modifications) as an aid to reducing the emission levels of NOx, S02, and other noxious gases into the atmosphere. 

Design modifications for the accommodation of feasible operating procedures. Section V introduced some early ideas on how the ideas of planning operating procedures could be used to identify modifications to a process flowsheet, which are necessary to render feasible operating procedures. More work is needed in this direction. Clearly, any advances in dynamic simulation with discrete-time events would have beneficial effects on this problem. 

The stack of platelets is encompassed by two end caps bearing the external fluidic connections. If desired, a third housing part can be introduced in between the end caps to shield the stack. As a further design modification, ceramic Macor insulating plates can be inserted between the end caps and platelet stack to prevent heat losses from the stack to the housing. 

GP 11] ]R 19] The suppression of explosive homogeneous gas-phase reactions is not due simply to thermal quenching as a result of the heat losses from a micro reactor, but rather to radical quenching [9]. The micro reactor will therefore be safe even when heat losses from the reaction micro channel are reduced by design modifications. 

PSV-2 of Figure 8-6 is a relief to protect the positive displacement pump P-1. If the fluid being handled is extremely volatile and flammable, what design modifications would you make to this relief system ... 

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