Inherently distributed system

The integrated power system is inherently more effieient (less losses). The distributed system has two or more power supplies in series, where the overall power system effieiency is the produet of the effieieneies of the two power supplies. So, for example, two 80 pereent effieient power supplies in series produees an overall system effieieney of 64 pereent. 

Line Loss (or Drop) - Electrical energy lost due to inherent inefficiencies in an electrical transmission and distribution system under specific conditions. 

This way one models the electronic distribution, exchange and localization in chemical (inherently open) system, dealing therefore with that chemistry is at its ultimate description the science of moving electrons from one state to another (either by intra- or inter-atomic framework). 

In industrialized countries like Germany electricity is mainly produced in large-scale power plants, but the share of production in distributed units is increasing. Electricity is distributed by a transmission network which results in a homogenized load and an increased security of supply. However, unlike a gas distribution system, the power grid does not inherently offer storage capacity. Therefore, production and consumption of electricity generally have to be simultaneous. 

Key performance indicators for the inherent safety assessment of hydrogen production and distribution system... 

As always, expectations regarding analytical conclusions should be tempered by an understanding of the modeling challenges. Most significantly, competition for customers is known to be difficult to model in a multi-echelon setting with independent parties. Moreover, the equations that arise in such models are easier to solve with symmetry across channels (e.g., all channels are independent, and identical intermediaries face the same types of demand), but hybrid distribution systems are inherently asymmetrical. For reasons such as these, the models we have encountered have all made some fairly restrictive assumptions. These issues and others will be discussed in more depth in Section 4. 

In e- Voting Requirements and Implementation ], the complexity of the deployment of e-voting systems and the inherent security issues that arise from the underlying distributed system is considered. An architecture that focuses on the security of the election servers and the channels between client machines and the servers is proposed. Unfortunately, the authors identify a major weakness in their... 

Rather than having a language whose purpose is to run a machine the language should naturally describe what objects there are and what actions they are taking. Objects are inherently distributed and their interactions asynchronous with real time, event-driven behavior. This implies that one could define a system and its own definition would have the necessary behaviors to characterize natural behavior in terms of real time execution semantics. Application developers would no longer need to explicitly define schedules of when events were to occur. Events would instead occur when objects interact with other objects. By describing the interactions between objects the schedule of events is inherently defined. 

In this work a new incremental approach to model identification was presented which makes use of the inherent model structure. Thereby, uncertainty in each step of the calculation is reduced. It allows furthermore a decoupling of the problems which reduces the computational cost to several minutes even for distributed systems. 

The design and synthesis of software for distributed systems requires the use of a design methodology and programming language which builds on the inherent parallel nature of such systems. Formal methods applied to the design of software for distributed processors lead to the identification of processes, capable of asynchronous execution,... 

Figure 5 shows the maximum indentation force and standard deviation as a function of the nnmber of measured silica model aggregates. A constant standard deviation is determined by the inherent distribution of the micromechanical properties of the aggregated system [42], In contrast to the distribution of the micromechanical properties of individual particles or single crystals, which can be described by Weibull statistics [14, 50], the distributions of aggregates can be described by a log-normal distribution [42], Consequently, the specification of the log-normal fit can be used for the characterization of the measured system. 

The computation of mesopore size distribution is valid only if the isotherm is of Type IV. In view of the uncertainties inherent in the application of the Kelvin equation and the complexity of most pore systems, little is to be gained by recourse to an elaborate method of computation, and for most practical purposes the Roberts method (or an analogous procedure) is adequate—particularly in comparative studies. The decision as to which branch of the hysteresis loop to use in the calculation remains largely arbitrary. If the desorption branch is adopted (as appears to be favoured by most workers), it needs to be recognized that neither a Type B nor a Type E hysteresis loop is likely to yield a reliable estimate of pore size distribution, even for comparative purposes. 

QuaHtative arguments deal primarily with the sense of ownership and security which result from individually owned generation systems. Additional complexity will arise from the aesthetic criteria specific to both individual homes and the surrounding community. Of course, the autonomy inherent in distributed rooftop arrays probably constitutes an institutional barrier to their acceptance by some utiHty companies, unless they are involved in the financing and/or marketing chain. 

On the basis of data obtained the possibility of substrates distribution and their D-values prediction using the regressions which consider the hydrophobicity and stmcture of amines was investigated. The hydrophobicity of amines was estimated by the distribution coefficient value in the water-octanole system (Ig P). The molecular structure of aromatic amines was characterized by the first-order molecular connectivity indexes ( x)- H was shown the independent and cooperative influence of the Ig P and parameters of amines on their distribution. Evidently, this fact demonstrates the host-guest phenomenon which is inherent to the organized media. The obtained in the research data were used for optimization of the conditions of micellar-extraction preconcentrating of metal ions with amines into the NS-rich phase with the following determination by atomic-absorption method. 

In one site, the project team installing a DCS (Distributed Control System) carefully developed and tested techniques to make the displays clear for red-green color blind personnel (see discussion in 6.4). The displays were effective and were applauded by the operators. However, in subsequent DCS installation projects at the same site, different project teams made no provision to make displays visible to red-green color blind personnel. This inherently less safe condition was found during a design review at one unit and at the pre-start-up safety review for another unit. 

The flowsheet shown in the introduction and that used in connection with a simulation (Section 1.4) provide insights into the pervasiveness of errors at the source, random errors are experienced as an inherent feature of every measurement process. The standard deviation is commonly substituted for a more detailed description of the error distribution (see also Section 1.2), as this suffices in most cases. Systematic errors due to interference or faulty interpretation cannot be detected by statistical methods alone control experiments are necessary. One or more such primary results must usually be inserted into a more or less complex system of equations to obtain the final result (for examples, see Refs. 23, 91-94, 104, 105, 142. The question that imposes itself at this point is how reliable is the final result Two different mechanisms of action must be discussed ... 

For nonequilibrium statistical mechanics, the present development of a phase space probability distribution that properly accounts for exchange with a reservoir, thermal or otherwise, is a significant advance. In the linear limit the probability distribution yielded the Green-Kubo theory. From the computational point of view, the nonequilibrium phase space probability distribution provided the basis for the first nonequilibrium Monte Carlo algorithm, and this proved to be not just feasible but actually efficient. Monte Carlo procedures are inherently more mathematically flexible than molecular dynamics, and the development of such a nonequilibrium algorithm opens up many, previously intractable, systems for study. The transition probabilities that form part of the theory likewise include the influence of the reservoir, and they should provide a fecund basis for future theoretical research. The application of the theory to molecular-level problems answers one of the two questions posed in the first paragraph of this conclusion the nonequilibrium Second Law does indeed provide a quantitative basis for the detailed analysis of nonequilibrium problems. 

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