Information Required for Design

The first step in choosing a water treating system is to characterize the influent water streams. It is necessary to know both the oil concentration in this stream and the particle size distribution associated with this concentration. This is best determined from field samples and laboratory data. 

Various attempts have been made to develop design procedures to determine oil concentration in water outlets from properly designed free-water knockouts and treaters. A conservative assmnption would be that the water contains less than 1000-2000 mg/1 of dispersed oil. 

It is possible to theoretically trace the particle size distrihution up the tubing, through the choke, flow lines, manifolds, and production equipment into the free-water knockout using equations presented in previous sections. However, many of the parameters needed to solve these equations, especially those involving coalescence, are unknown. 

Because of the dispersion through the water dump valve, the oil size distribution at the outlet of a free-water knockout or heater-treater is not a significant design parameter. From the dispersion theory it can be shown that after passing through the dump valve a maximum droplet diameter on the order of 10-50 pm will exist no matter what the droplet size distrihution was upstream of this valve. 

If there were sufficient time for coalescence to occur in the piping downstream of the dump valve, then the maximum droplet diameter would be defined by Equation (3.2) prior to the water entering the first vessel in the water treating system. 

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Generate information required for design of the dust/ agent vapor-emission control system. 

Because it is based on well-established LWR technology and implements benchmarked thermal hydraulic safety analysis codes, and because each module is a relatively small reactor, it is possible that all of the information required for design certification may be obtained using a full-scale demonstration of a single module. Of significant interest for design certification would be the impact of neutronic feedback on flow stability, particularly during plant transients. 

Data sheets that list all the information required for design, installation, operation, and maintenance. To reduce the chance of any misunderstanding, standardized data sheets such as those described in ISA S20 should be used. Data sheets are completed partly by the purchaser and partly by the instrument/control vendor. 

Covers package design, approval, test procedures, notification of consignment, information requirements (for package and transport container). 

Assays of ciguatoxin. Determination of ciguatoxin levels in fish was carried out in many laboratories by mouse assays. Enzyme immunoassay to screen inedible fish has been proposed by Hokama (9). No specific chemical assay has been developed, as information on functional groups suitable for fluorescence labeling is not available. Analyses conducted in the authors laboratory on remnant fish retrieved from patients meals indicated that ciguatoxin content as low level as 1 ppb could cause intoxication in adults. An extremely high sensitivity and a sophisticated pretreatment method will be required for designing a fluorometric determination method for the toxin. 

Standard specification sheets are normally used to transmit the information required for the detailed design, or purchase, of equipment items such as, heat exchangers, pumps, columns. 

The key to self-assembly is the components that are involved the information required for efficient self-assembly must, in general, be embedded in these components. The first step toward the capability to design and synthesize nanostructures for self-assembly is simply to expand the range of syntheses and methods of fabrication that lead to nanostructures. For the... 

Essential information required for the design, operation, and maintenance of the system must, therefore, be specific to the system. For example, the provision of a master valve schedule listing aU valves within a facility will provide the necessary information to maintain all valves for all... 

Factored estimates, especially when used for repeat plants, can be accurate and adequate for appropriation purposes but don t provide the information required for cost and progress tracking. They should be followed as soon as possible with more detailed estimates containing sufficient and suitable information for tracking. On the other hand, the detailed estimates normally prepared by engineering contractors after a certain amount of design work are time consuming and expensive and should be used sparsely. 

Conceptual estimates are typically prepared during the advanced R D and early process design stages. They are normally used to build the preliminary project economics, prepare preliminary execution plans, and develop cost estimates for the preparation of a complete process design (Phase 1) and a definitive cost estimate. The Phase 0 design package, described in Chapter 6, contains all the information required for conceptual estimates. See Table 9.1 for an example of a conceptual estimate. 

Although the kinetic rate law is helpful in determining the mechanism of a reaction, it does not always provide sufficient information. In cases of ambiguity, other evidence must be used to find the mechanism. This chapter will describe a number of examples in which the rate law and other experimental evidence have been used to find the mechanism of a reaction. Our goal is to provide two related types of information (1) the type of information that is used to determine mechanisms, and (2) a selection of specific reactions for which the mechanisms seem to be fairly completely determined. The first is the more important, because it enables a chemist to examine data for other reactions critically and to evaluate the proposed mechanisms. The second is also helpful, because it provides part of the collection of knowledge that is required for designing new syntheses. Each of the substitution mechanisms is described with its... 

This chapter will present an overview of corrosion resistant construction, materials and methods. It will discuss the importance of complete and accurate information needed to establish Basic Data required for Design Development. 

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