Information pump

Process flow diagrams are more complex and will show all main flow streams including valves to enhance the understanding of the process, as well as pressures and temperatures on all feed and product lines within all major vessels, in and out of headers and heat exchangers, and points of pressure and temperature control. Also, materials of construction information, pump capacities and pressure heads, compressor horsepower and vessel design pressures and temperatures are shown when necessary for clarity. In addition, major components of control loops are usually shown along with key utilities on process flow diagrams. 

Typically, at the beginning of a product development project, the product development team faces difficulties in understanding the vocabulary used by customers for both existing products and new concepts. The information pump is a web-based discussion game that encourages customers to think hard and... 

Other information pump type, required punip hydraulic horsepower, material of oonstritction, stress relief requirement, project pump specifications, pump position (vertical, horizontal, or inline), available utility such as cooling water, site conditions, pump location indoor or outdoor), minimum design metal temperature (MDMT), insulation requirement, steam out condition, etc. 

Davis M J 1995 Trees from spectra generation, analysis, and energy transfer information Molecular Dynamics and Spectroscopy by Stimulated Emission Pumping ed H-L Dai and R W Field (Singapore World Scientific)... 

The resulting fault tree is shown in Figure 6, in which the top event is defined in terms of two intermediate events failure of the tank system or failure of the pumping system. Failure in either system would contribute to the overall system failure. The intermediate events are then further defined in terms of basic events. All of the basic events are related by AND gates because the overall system failure requires the failure of all of the individual components. Failures of the tanks and pumps are basic events because, without additional information, these events cannot be resolved any further. 

Melt Viscosity. Viscosities of resins at standard temperatures yield information about molecular weight and molecular weight distribution, as weU as valuable information with respect to appHcation logistics. Some customers prefer to receive resins in molten form. Melt viscosities help to determine the required temperature for a resin to be pumpable. Temperature—viscosity profiles are routinely suppHed to customers by resin manufacturers. In general, a molten viscosity of 1—1.1 Pa-s (1000—1100 cP) or less at process temperatures is convenient for the pumping and handling of molten resin. 

Some servo gauges also have the abiHty to measure interface. This can be very important when water accumulates in the bottom of the vessel over time (water bottoms). In this way, the user receives information on the accumulation of water (which will eventually need to be pumped out), and also gets a more accurate reading of the real level of the product being stored. 

Most process plant engineers utilize some form of preprinted pump calculation worksheet or a computer to aid in the coUection of information. 

H. P. Maffei, C. W. Punk, and J. L. BaUif, Sodium Eemoval Disassembly and Examination Of the Ferrmi Secondary Sodium Pump, Report 1974, HEDL-TC-133, available from National Technical Information Service, Washington, D.C. 

Viscosity (See Sec. 5 for further information.) In flowing liquids the existence of internal friction or the internal resistance to relative motion of the fluid particles must be considered. This resistance is caUed viscosity. The viscosity of liquids usuaUv decreases with rising temperature. Viscous liquids tend to increase tlie power required by a pump, to reduce pump efficiency, head, and capacity, and to increase Friction in pipe lines. 

Equation (18-31) contains no information about the ciystalhzer s influence on the nucleation rate. If the ciystaUizer is of a mixed-suspension, mixed-product-removal (MSMPR) type, satisfying the criteria for Eq. (18-31), and if the model of Clontz and McCabe is vahd, the contribution to the nucleation rate by the circulating pump can be calculated [Bennett, Fiedelman, and Randolph, Chem. E/ig, Prog., 69(7), 86(1973)] ... 

This matrix will contain information regarding loading characteristics such as flooding hmits, exchanger areas, pump curves, reactor volumes, and the like. While this matrix may be adjusted during the course of model development, it is a boundary on any possible interpretation of the measurements. For example, distillation-column performance markedly deteriorates as flood is approached. Flooding represents a boundary. These boundaries and nonlinearities in equipment performance must be accounted for. 

Now let s consider Figure 2-2. This is a pump in suction lift draining an opened tank that s 8 feet below the pump centerline. This pump is installed high on a mountain at 7,000 feet above sea level. The Ha is 26.2 feet. The Hsj is -8.0 feet. The water temperature is 50° F, so the Hvp is 0.411. The Hf is 1 foot and the Hi is 2.0. According to the information ... 

It is a one stage, end suction, back-pullout design pump. There is more information on this pump in Chapter 7 about pump curves. 

There is more information on this in Chapter 9. Dual volute casings tend to equalize the radial hydraulic forces around the pump impeller, thus expanding the operating window of the pump. The Ns is a guide in selecting the adequate volute design. 

Pump performance curves are the least used, least consulted, least appreciated, and least understood aspect of the world of industrial pumps. The plant personnel who most need their pump curves, meehanics and operators, generally don t have the curves and accompanying information at their disposal. The people who control the performance curves store them in a file, in a drawer, in a cabinet that s almost never opened. They don t share the information contained in the curves with the people who need it. Maybe it s because they themselves don t understand the information to share it. In the next few paragraphs and pages, we re going to explain the pump performance curves. This might be the most important chapter of the book. 

The information on the dash panel is located right in front of the eyes of the operator of the ear. It s a shame that most pump operators don t have their control panel (the curve) before their eyes, or even within reach, as they operate the pumps. This is the source of many problems with pumps. 

The majority of centrifugal pumps have performance curves with the aforementioned profiles. Of course, special design pumps have curves with variations. Eor example, positive displacement pumps, multi-stage pumps, regenerative turbine type pumps, and pumps with a high specific speed (Ns) fall outside the norm. But you ll find that the standard pump curve profiles are applicable to about 95% of all pumps in the majority of industrial plants. The important thing is to become familiar with pump curves and know how to interpret the information. 

At times you ll find that the information is the same, but the presentation of the curves is different. Almo-St all pump companies publish what are called the family of curves . The pump family curves are probably the most useful for the maintenance engineer and mechanic, the design engineer and purchasing agent. The family curves present the entire performance picture of a pump. 

By showing numerous impellers, motors and effieieneies for one pump, the family eurve has a lot of information crushed onto one-graph. So to simplify the eurve, the effieieneies are. sometimes shown as eoneentrie eireles or ellipses. The eoneentrie ellipses demonstrate the primary, seeondary and tertiary effleieney zones. They are most useful for eomparing the pump eurve with the system eurve. (The system eurve is presented in Chapter 8.)... 

Up to this point, you probably didn t understand the crucial importance of the pump curve. With the information provided in this chapter, and this book, we suggest that you immediately locate and begin using your pump curves with suction and discharge gauges on your pumps. 

But in this phase, it is necessary to begin specifying the pumps, although I on incomplete information. It s somewhat like a blind man throwing an in, - < t... 

New equipment is installed. Other changes occur with maintenance. The equipment loses its efficiency. Install gauges on your pumps and teach the operators and maintenance personnel to interpret the information. 

With this information, the pump eurve, eoordinating with this system s demands aeeording to the two tank levels, is seen this way (Figure 8-13). 

Along with the sounds, evidence and signs of cavitation, there is a broad range of other information and signals available to the maintenance mechanic. Almost all mechanics have seen the gouge and scratch marks, and signs of heat on the pump when disassembled in the shop. Sadly, most mechanics are never trained to interpret these marks. 

In most places, the available information about any pump, such as the manufacturer, year of purehase, model and serial number is plaeed in a file for general aeeounting purposes. In other plants, such as a manufaeturer, the model, lubricant and lubrication frequency is placed in a lubrication schedule. In either case, additional key information ean be stored with a little more effort. 

Reeord keeping is eritieal in those industries whose produetion requires the use of many pumps. The reeord of the pump should have the eomplete information on the installation, ap )plieation and maintenanee. Spaee should be provided in each card, using both sides, to keep a complete record during a two-year p )eriod, and in some eases, for the w hole life of the pump. 

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