Inflammation oxidative stress

Hozawa, A, Jacobs, DR, Jr., Steffes, MW, Gross, MD, Steffen, LM, and Lee, DH, 2007. Relationships of circulating carotenoid concentrations with several markers of inflammation, oxidative stress, and endothelial dysfunction The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA)/Young Adult Longitudinal Trends in Antioxidants (YALTA) study. Clin Chem 53,447 455. 

If persistent, these molecules (coding for inflammation, oxidative stress, remodeling, and thrombosis) can cause endothelial dysfunction and acceleration of arthrosclero-sis progression [117]. SWNTs were shown also to alter the cardiac activity by affecting the arterial baroreflex function (BRF) of sinus mode in rats exposed by intratracheal instillation [118]. 

Table 7.4 NF-/cB mediates the transcription of genes implicated in inflammation, oxidative stress, and immune responses...

Many skin disorders are associated with at least one of the characteristics of inflammation, oxidative stress, hyperproliferation, hypodifferentiation, infection, apoptosis, and autoimmune reactions. GTPs are uniquely positioned to antagonize these conditions with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, prodifferentiation, anti-apoptosis, and inhibition of autoantigen properties. Thus, many skin conditions, including autoimmune-induced lupus and psoriasis, wounds created by trauma or infections, damage induced by environmental factors such as UVB, and seborrheic dermatitis (dandruff), could be treated or managed by topical application of GTPs. 

Murakami A, Nakamura Y, Torikai K, Tanaka T, Koshiba T, Koshimizu K, Kuwahara S, Takahashi Y, Ogawa K, Yano M, Tokuda H, Nishino H, Mimaki Y, Sashida Y, Kitanaka S, Ohigashi H. Inhibitory effect of citrus nobiletin on phorbol esterinduced skin inflammation, oxidative stress and tumor promotion in mice. Cancer Res 2000 60 5059-5966. 

Furthermore, adipose tissues were found to have some possible links between obesity and insulin resistance [89]. Obesity often causes insulin resistance, a decline in the ability of insulin to stimulate glucose uptake in the body leads to compensatory oversecretion of this hormone by the pancreatic cells and eventually, to cell exhaustion and development of type-2 diabetes mellitus [11,75]. Likewise in type-1 diabetes mellitus, the role of genetic factors has been studied to highlight the relation between inflammation, oxidant stress, and insulin insensitivity. Nuclear factor kappa B (NFkB) is a crucial transcription factor for response to oxidative stress and inflammation. Investigations about NFkB gene have shown its possible role in the susceptibility to type-1 diabetes by means of allelic differentiations, individuals with the AlO allele may be more likely to develop diabetes compared with those with the A14 allele [90]. 

The overall effects of Hey on vascular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation adversely modulate vascular redox state and activate critical redox-sensitive transcriptional factors such as nuclear-factor kappa B or activator protein-1, which leads to a vicious cycle of inflammation - oxidative stress -endothelial dysfunction favouring vascular disease development. 

Kar P, Laight D, Rooprai HK et al (2009) Effects of grape seed extract in type 2 diabetic subjects at high cardiovascular risk a double blind randomized placebo controlled trial examining metabolic markers, vascnlar tone, inflammation, oxidative stress and insulin sensitivity. Diabet Med 26 526-531... 

Chaudhary SC, Siddiqui MS, Athar M, Alam MS (2012) o-Limonene modulates inflammation, oxidative stress and Ras-ERK pathway to inhibit murine skin tumorigenesis. Hum Exp Toxicol. doi 10.1177A)960327111434948... 

Bravo, Y., Quiroz, Y., Ferrebuz, A., Vaziri, N.D., Rodriguez-lturbe, B., 2007. Mycophenolate mofetil administration reduces renal inflammation, oxidative stress, and arterial pressure in rats with lead-induced hypertension. Am. J. Physiol. Renal Hiysiol. 293, F616—F623. 

Murakami, A., Nakamura, Y., Torikai, K., et al. 2000. Inhibitory Effect of Citrus Nobile-tin on Phorbol Ester-Induced Skin Inflammation, Oxidative Stress and Tumor Promotion in... 

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