Infectious disease guidelines

Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice Guidelines. Available at www.joumals.uchicago.edu/IDSA/guidelines/ accessed November 2005. 

Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM Jr, et al. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis. Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis 2002 35(2) 113-125. 

If the isolate is determined to be vancomycin-resistant, it is most important to know the exact species because some of the treatment options, such as quinupristin/dalfopristin, are not active against E. faecalis. Currently, the treatment options for vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are not well established by clinical studies or patient experience. The treatment recommendations for vancomycin-resistant E. faecium include linezolid or quinupristin/dalfopristin for a minimum of 8 weeks. However, newer agents, such as daptomycin, may provide another option for treatment for either enterococci species (E. faecium and E. faecalis). Additionally, guidelines suggest the use of imipenem-cilistatin plus ampicillin or ceftriaxone plus ampicillin for the treatment of E. faecalis with a minimum of 8 weeks of therapy. Consultation with an infectious diseases specialist is recommended. 

Table 74—2 presents the recommended agents for treatment of community-acquired and complicated intraabdominal infections from the Infectious Diseases Society of America and the Surgical Infection Society.21-23 These recommendations were formulated using an evidence-based approach. Most community-acquired infections are mild to moderate, whereas health care-associated infections tend to be more severe and difficult to treat. Table 74-3 presents guidelines for treatment and alternative regimens for specific situations. These are general guidelines there are many factors that cannot be incorporated into such a table. 

Owing to the morbidity associated with these opportunistic infections in HCT recipients, optimal pharmacotherapy for preventing and treating infections in this patient population is critical. In 2000, the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) published guidelines for preventing these infections among HCT recipients.8 These guidelines were constructed from available data by an expert panel from the CDC, the Infectious Disease Society of America, and the American... 

Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics should be initiated or added at the time of the first neutropenic fever under the treatment guidelines endorsed by the Infectious Disease Society of America for management of fever of unknown origin in the neutropenic host.89... 

Fig. 1. Recommendations for the diagnosis and management of enteric infections. Adapted from Guerrant et al. [113], Infectious Diseases Society of America Practice Guidelines for the Management of Infectious Diarrhea.

Data from Deepe CS. Histoplasma capsulatum. In Mandell CL, Bennett JE, Dolin % eds. Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases, 6th ed. Philadelphia, PA Churchill Livingstone, 2005 3012-3026 Wheat J, Sarosi C, McKinsey D, et al. Practice guidelines for the management of patients with histoplasmosis. Oin Infect Dis 2000 30 688-695 Wheat U, Kauffman CA. Histoplasmosis. Infect Dis Oin North Am 2003 17(1) 1-19. 

From Kaplan JE, Masur H, Holmes KK Guidelines hr preventing opportunistic infections among HIV-infected persons-2002 recommendations of the U.S. Public Health Sendee and the Infectious Diseases Society of America. MMWR Recomm Rep 20O2 5 7 (RR-B) i-52. 

Data from Mandell LA, Wunderink RCr Anzueto A et al. Infectious Diseases Society oiAmerica/American Thoracic Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acguired pneumonia in adults. Clin Infect Dis 2007 44 S27-S72. 

Guidelines from the Infectious Disease Society of America, American Academy of Pediatrics, and the American Heart Association suggest that testing for Group A Streptococcus be done in all patients with signs and symptoms. Only those with a positive test for Group A Streptococcus require antibiotic treatment. 

National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) guidelines available at httpvywww.niaid.nih.gov/publications/... 

Ashbolt N, Grabow WOK, Snozzi M (2001) Indicators of microbial water quality. In Fewtrell L, Bartram J (eds) Water quality guidelines standards and health assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious disease. IWA Publishing, London, pp 289-316... 

Walsh TJ, Anaissie EJ, Denning DW, Herbrecht R, Kontoyiannis DP, Marr KA, Morrison VA, Segal BH, Steinbach WJ, Stevens DA, van Burik J-A, Wingard JR, Patterson TF. (2008) Treatment of aspergillosis Clinical practice guidelines of the infectious diseases society of America. Clin Infect Dis 46 327-360. 

Edwards JE. Management of severe candidal infections Integration and review of current guidelines for treatment and prevention. In Remington JS and Swartz MN (eds.). Current clinical topics in infectious diseases. Vol. 21. Cambridge, MA Blackwell Scientific, 2001 135-147. 

Guidelines for prevention and treatment of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults and adolescents. Recommendations of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), and the HIV Medicine Association of the Infectious Diseases Society of America (HIVMA/IDSA). AIDSinfo June 18, 2008. http //Al DSi nfo. n i h. gov... 

PHS Guideline on Infectious Disease Issues in Xenotransplantation. OMB Control No.0910-0456 (January 2001)... 

Stevens DL, Bisno AL, Chambers HF et al. (2005) Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft-tissue infections. Clinical Infectious Diseases 41 1373-1406. 

Disaster events disrupt the integrity of water containment and systems, and contamination can occur. Depending on the location of the disaster, nurses should use one or both of the WHO guidelines and the EPA standards to provide a foundation for assessment of risk and risk management for water-related infectious diseases following a disaster or major public health event. Much of this discussion addresses those parts of the world without an adequate infrastructure, whereas in the United States, nurses will most frequently encounter well water contamination from flooding. 

An effective plan for delivering health and medical care in a mass casualty event should take into account factors common to all hazards (e.g., the need to have an adequate supply of qualified providers available), as well as factors that are hazard specific (e.g., guidelines for making isolation and quarantine decisions to contain an infectious disease). 

Wormser GP, Dattwyler RJ. The clinical assessment, treatment, and prevention of Lyme disease, human granulocytic anaplas-mosis, and babesiosis clinical practice guidelines by the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Chn Infect Dis 2006 43 1089-1134. 

Originally, the Committee on Infectious Diseases of the American Academy of Pediatrics and the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended that severely immunocompromised patients with HIV infection should not receive measles vaccine (139). However, in 1988, recognizing the severity of measles in immunodeficient individuals, it revised its measles immunization guidelines and recommended that... 

Absolute neutrophil count <0.500x10 cells L. Antibiotic therapy should be continued until neutrophil recovery has occurred. Follow Infectious Diseases Society of America guidelines (17) for febrile neutropenia if fever develops while the patient is taking prophylactic medication Tf resources are available... 

Hughes, WT, Armstrong, DN, Bodey, GP, et al. Guidelines for the use of Antimicrobial Agents in Neutropenic patients with Cancer. Clinical Infectious Diseases, 34 730-751, 2002. 

TABLE 42-1 Guidelines for Molecular Infectious Disease Testing ... 

NCCLS. Quantitative molecular methods for infectious diseases approved guideline. Vol. 23 (28). Wayne, Pa NCCLS, 2003 1-55,... 

Clinical Infectious Diseases—This journal, formerly named Reviews of Infectious Diseases, is an official publication of the IDSA. Articles are primarily directed at the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases, including clinical trials. Frequently, State of the Art articles are published that summarize current therapy of a particular infection. In addition, IDSA guidelines for the treatment of infectious diseases are published in this journal. 

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