Industrial standards rooms

A further incentive to consider gross reductions of particulates stems from the off-set policy. By reducing total emissions in areas in which it is not possible to exceed ambient air quality standards, room can be made to accomodate new industry. 

Whether the substrate is bulk Si or SOI, the most critical step in IC fabrication is the initial cleaning of the wafer. The RCA clean procedure is the industry standard, consisting of the following complex treatment to remove both organic and inorganic contaminants. It should be noted that these procedures are performed within a clean room, to avoid particulate contamination ... 

The term haze point has been used to describe the temperature at which cloudy material begins to form in a cooled sample. Fallout is another confusing term. In the metalworking industry, a 4-oz. glass bottle containing the sample is allowed to sit at room temperature for 48 hours. The fallout percent can be estimated volumetric ally. It is suggested that suppliers and users abide by industry standard methods when describing this aspect of rendered fats (23). 

Only through discrete particle counting can air cleanliness be verified, and the cleanliness class of the sampled environment established. " Periodic in-process monitoring of workstations, buffer rooms, anterooms, production areas, and any other area about which a definitive air cleanliness statement is made or reasonably assumed, should be carried out in accordance with SOPs or industry standards. A discrete particle counter (DPC) with an adequate sampling rate, calibration features, and dynamic range should be used for sample acquisition, based on the specified air cleanliness level. ... 

Polyurethanes are formed when a diisocyanate (or polyisocyanate) is reacted with hydroxyl groups at a molar ratio of 2 or higher (isocyanate hydroxyl). When the polyol and polyisocyanate are combined in the presence of a suitable catalyst, the exothermic polymerization reaction begins spontaneously. This type of synthesis is an addition polymerization. Most polyols and polyisocyanates used for manufacturing PUs are liquid at standard room temperature. Industrially, the PU synthesis reaction is rapid, and the product is a solid polymer. The reaction rate can be varied significantly by changing the catalyst type and concentration, facilitating the use of PUs in a variety of applications. ... 

A stability survey was done in 2007 by AAPS Stability Focus Group, benchmarking industry standards and practices of their stability operations within the pharmaceutical and biopharmaceutical industry. It noted that the majority of the industry has used ambient room temperature as the long-term storage condition to conduct stability studies to support clinical trial application. 

One does not design a cell room to achieve a certain steady-state or 1-hr peak level of chlorine concentration in the air, nor does one attempt to establish a priori a tolerable exposure profile for plant personnel. Tables such as 8.6, in spite of the apparent precision of the numbers, are really qualitative or at best semi-quantitative indicators of the seriousness of a hazard. Designers of chlorine-handling plants must exercise proper care by designing to recognized industry standards, and operators must understand and observe established procedures. There is more on this subject in Section 16.2.1. 

Measurements for mechanical properties have been carried out at both room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature. These are the tensile, betiding, compressive, elastic, and Charpy impact strength measurements, according to Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS). Table II shows the results measured for these properties. 

Generic Safety Issue (GSI) I.D.4 in NUREG-0933 (Reference 1), addresses the need for guidance on the design of control rooms to incorporate human factor considerations, and the desirability of endorsing an industry standard for future control room designs. 

The statistically non-centrosymmetric polar order of the chromophore units reached during the poling procedure is thermodynamically stable only with the electric field on. Once cooled down at room temperature and switched off the field, that polar order becomes metastable and it will relax to the more stable centrosymmetric arrangement, which is not NLO active. So, an other fundamental issue is to reach an high time stability of the polar order. Industrial standards for device testing require stability of NLO performances for 10 years at 85°C, that are quite severe. 

At the time of shutdown, central control room requirements, such as professional behavior, monitoring the main control boards, control room operator ancillary duties, the operation of control room equipment, and access to the central control room, did not reflect commercial industry standards. 

There is no industry standard acceleration test to characterize the whisker-formation capabihty of a given film. Accelerated tests are typically performed at elevated temperatures to increase the reaction kinetics. For Sn films, it is necessary to keep the temperature below about 80°C to avoid the creation of intermetallics compounds (CusSn) not seen at lower temperatures. At these lower temperatures whisker growth rates are still quite slow. At temperatures above 80°C, diffusion is much faster but the microstructure is not equivalent to the room temperature microstructure as a result of the formation of the CusSn intermetallic compound. In addition, at higher temperatures the stresses are relieved quicker due to creep mechanisms, which decreases the driving force necessary for whisker formation. Hence, there exists a tradeoff between driving force and kinetics in standard temperature-based acceleration testing. 

Cyanoacrylate adhesives (Super-Glues) are materials which rapidly polymerize at room temperature. The standard monomer for a cyanoacrylate adhesive is ethyl 2-cyanoacrylate [7085-85-0], which readily undergoes anionic polymerization. Very rapid cure of these materials has made them widely used in the electronics industry for speaker magnet mounting, as weU as for wire tacking and other apphcations requiring rapid assembly. Anionic polymerization of a cyanoacrylate adhesive is normally initiated by water. Therefore, atmospheric humidity or the surface moisture content must be at a certain level for polymerization to take place. These adhesives are not cross-linked as are the surface-activated acryhcs. Rather, the cyanoacrylate material is a thermoplastic, and thus, the adhesives typically have poor temperature resistance. 

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