Factors for Consideration

Factors that may need to be considered for the selection of an appropriate adhesive include the following  

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Hydrogeologic factors for consideration include aquifer type, hydrogeologic gradient, permeability, recharge capability, depth to groundwater, moisture content/field capacity, dissolved oxygen (DO), depth to contamination, extent of contamination, and plume stability. 

Not the least of the factors for consideration in evaluating a possible risk pertains to the characteristics of those persons exposed. A hazard does not become an actuality until there is a risk of human exposure. Consequently, in evaluating the risk, you must take into account those who are or might be exposed, not only in terms of numbers but also in relation to the realities of individual variation and predisposition. These considerations can be difficult in a political environment that demands equality. However, it should be recognized that not all persons are equal either in their predisposition towards an adverse response to a toxic assault or in the severity of their response to that assault. Differences in response can occur, for example, by reason of age, sex, and physical fitness. A classic example exists in the manufacture and processing of female endocrine hormones in which a woman, and particularly a pregnant woman, may be more at risk than a man under the same circumstances. Less dramatic, but... 

Other attempts to refine or improve Lipinski s rule set have appeared in the literature. One notable factor for consideration is the number of rotatable bonds in a hit. Increased molecular flexibility can reduce the ability of a molecule to cross a membrane. The maximum number of rotatable bonds has been suggested as 10. The polar surface area, often abbreviated as PSA, of a molecule is another important factor. Polar surface area is tightly correlated to the number of hydrogen-bond donors and acceptors contained in a molecule. A maximum polar surface area of 140 A2 or the equivalent of 12 hydrogen-bond donors/ acceptors has been suggested. This is in line with Lipinski s rules.22... 

The water content of the ionic liquid is another, perhaps more complex, factor for consideration. The presence of small amounts (1-4%) of water may be beneficial to the properties of some polymers [33], but it should be noted that some ionic liquids utilizing fluorinated anions, particularly hexafluorophosphate, can slowly hydrolyse in the presence of water to form HF and other species [34], It is important to note that even if an ionic liquid is immiscible with water, it may still contain a significant quantity of water before drying, which can alter its physical properties, such as viscosity [34-36],... 

The User Requirements Specification (URS) for any system is typically written by the business community (users) and describes what the system is intended to do. This is a key factor for consideration in any system validation determination as it should indicate whether the business process the system is intended to support has a regulatory impact. The requirements outlined in the final URS document will subsequently be tested by user qualification. 

For example, in the analgesic example cited above (25), a comparison was made between an analysis using the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method and the proposed mixed effects maximum likelihood method. Although this was a retrospective analysis, similar contrasts could be included in the trial s simulation to ascertain the most appropriate analytical methodology to include in the study design (protocol). Other analysis factors for consideration include appropriate correction of variability, where such sources may include differences between sites or regional differences. 

Leaders consider NBC issues when preparing for deployment. As part of that process, commanders will determine when their units should remove their training filters and replace them with filters from unit contingency stocks. The commander s guidance should be reflected in an SOP or order. Factors for consideration on whether to exchange filters include unit location, unit readiness/deployability alert... 

In addition to size exclusion and steric inhibition, the intermolecular forces between the zeolite and sorbate molecules offer opportunities to achieve unique selectivity based on competitive sorption properties of various zeolites. Variables such as silica to alumina ratio, the nature of the cation species and the geometry of the channels have been shown to be important factors for consideration (13-14). They also can contribute to catalyst stability and reduced coking propensity, two important characteristics of commercially useful catalysts. 

No single system can be universal in showing uf the herbicidal potential of all compounds. No in vitro system using cells or mini-plants represents all tissues and all species. Herbicides can be tissue specific and species selective and different herbicides act at different rates. This requires that any universal pre-screen has to be multispecific, multi-tissue and multi-time. Many of the factors for consideration in developing such screens may superficially seem mundane or clearly apparent. Based on failures, this is only so in retrospect. 

Factors for consideration in minimizing the pesticide exposure potential to the agricultural worker Include the following (a) knowledge of what pesticide is being used including the formulation, where and by whom it is used, what equipment systems are used for... 

A third important environmental factor for consideration in the design of a liquid refill system is the vibration to which it will be subjected. If extremely high G" loads are applied to the system, the inner supports of the container could weaken and fail, thus resulting in high heat losses. Strengthening of the inner supports results in a larger system. An alternative method is to shock mount the system so that vibration is isolated from the container. 

Bulk separation refers to separation of a mixture that contains over approximately 10% in concentration for the component to be adsorbed. Sorbent selection depends on the nature of the separation (i.e., bulk separation vs. purification) as well as the process by which the separation will be accomplished (i.e., pressure swing vs. temperature swing). As mentioned, the most important basis for sorbent selection is the equilibrium isotherm, while diffusivity is a secondary factor for consideration. A brief summary of the equilibrium isotherms and diffusivities will be given first. Because extensive reviews on isotherms and diffusion are available elsewhere (Yang, 1987 Do, 1998), the summary here will only cover those which are directly relevant to the discussion that follows. 

The potential toxicity of the solvents to the users is another important factor for consideration. Therefore, it is always better to employ safer extraction conditions if possible. For example, the isopropanol-hexane (3 2 by volume) system was used in many cases due to their relatively low toxicity [21,22]. Unfortunately, this system is unable to recover some lipid classes such as gangliosides quantitatively. 

Besides proximity effect and orientation effect, steric compression effect could be a third factor to consider. Nonetheless there can still be an enhancement of 10 to 10" in rate constants not accounted for by these factors. Among the likely candidates, electrostatic stabilization of the transition state and release of ground state strain should be mentioned. The notion of freezing of substrate specificity by Bender is also a factor for consideration. An example is the aromatic hole in a-chymotrypsin (see below) which allows a favorable steric situation for the amino add side chain of the substrate. 

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