Handling of chlorine

R. L. Earrar, Safe Handling of Chlorine Trifluoride, report K-1416, U.C.C. Nuclear Company, Oak Ridge, Term., 1960. 

HSG40 Safe handling of chlorine from drums and cylinders... 

The austenitic irons are superior to ordinary cast iron in their resistance to corrosion by a wide range of concentrations of hydrochloric acid at room temperature (Table 3.50). However, for practical uses where such factors as velocity, aeration and elevated temperatures have to be considered, the austenitic irons are mostly used in environments where the hydrochloric acid concentration is less than 0- 5%. Such environments occur in process streams encountered in the production and handling of chlorinated hydrocarbons, organic chlorides and chlorinated rubbers. 

The PCDDs/ PCDFs are highly dangerous envirotoxicants and actions for remediation and for decreasing de novo production of the substances are important, e.g. proper combustion methods and care in handling of chlorinated waste, as well as properly controlled manufacturing and use of chlorine-containing products. 

Caution. These preparations involve the handling of chlorine solutions under pressure. Because container failure could release the toxic gas violently, the vessels (if glass) should be heated in an efficient fume hood with good shielding. 

European Chlorinated Solvent Association, Storage and Handling of Chlorinated Solvents, 1989. 

Safe Handling of Chlorine Containing Nitrogen Trichloride 1 1998... 

Loading and unloading operations are special cases of liquid transfer, which is the subject of the preceding Section 9.1.8.4. Safety is the paramount concern. Qualified personnel should attend both operations at all times. The hazards added to those incidental to the handling of chlorine include the need to make and break connections to equipment or lines that contain chlorine and the need to secure vehicles before and after operation. 

J. Van Diest, Euro Chlor Commitment to Safer Handling of Chlorine. In R.W. Curry (ed.). Modem Chlor-Alkali Technology, vol. 6, Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge (1995), p. 21. 

Safe Handling of Chlorine Containing Nitrogen Trichloride, Pamphlet 152, Edition 1, The Chlorine Institute, Inc., Washington, DC (1998). 

UK Chemical Industries Ass. (1984) "Guidelines for bulk handling of chlorine at customers installation". 

Instruction and periodic refresher courses in the operation of chlorine equipment and handling of chlorine containers. 

If the leak is extensive, all persons in the path of fumes should be evacuated by the proper authorities. If outdoors, keep all persons upwind from the leak. Also, if possible, keep all persons in locations higher than the leak. At sites involving the handling of chlorine outdoors, it is advisable to have a wind sock or weather vane installed in a prominent location to readily determine wind direction. Unless there is a fire-caused updraft, gaseous chlorine tends to lie close to the ground or floor because it is approximately 2 times as heavy as air. 

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