Industrial performance tests

IPC Association Connecting Electronics Industries, Performance Test Methods and Qualification Requirements for Surface Mount Solder Attachments, January 2002... 

The system has been in full use during the shutdown periods of 1996 and 97 in the nuclear industry in Sweden. Performed tests have produced excellent results under sometimes difficult conditions... 

Subsequently, Calvert (R-19, p. 228) has combined mathematical modehng with performance tests on a variety of industrial scrubbers and has obtained a refinement of the power-input/cut-size relationship as shown in Fig. 14-130. He considers these relationships sufficiently reliable to use this data as a tool for selection of scrubber type and performance prediction. The power input for this figure is based solely on gas pressure drop across the device. 

Comite des Constructeurs d Automobiles du Marche Commun represents joint industry opinion on factors such as lubricant specifications, emissions, vehicle design and safety standards. With regard to crankcase lubricants, CCMC defines sequences of engine tests, and the tests themselves are defined by CEC (Coordinating European Committee for the Development of Performance Tests for Lubricants and Engine Euels a joint body of the oil and motor industries). 

One of the unique issues in the development of advanced-performance materials is that they are very product-specific, and their development requires expensive prototype iteration and performance testing. The product development is people- and design-intensive and usually results in a niche market for the material that is, the specific product slate for which the material has been designed and tested. Many of the applications are in high-tech industrial products like aerospace components, so the total volume of material used will be small. Thus, attractive commercialization schemes require that the material have intrinsic value that will justify a high margin, or there must be a product application for which the value can be captured in the end product. 

The following is a listing of specific U.S. industry standards for fire performance testing for specific fire exposures that may be applied in the petroleum industry. 

The model is implemented and evaluated with an industry case. The technical implementation is described first. Then, the industry case is introduced and model-relevant case data are presented. Model reaction tests are conducted for various industry case data sets to analyze model applicability, sensitivity and model planning results. Model performance tests are conducted to analyze technical parameters such as solution time or approximation methods quality. The case evaluation inspired several model extension possibilities presented at the end of the chapter. 

Caco-2 model is easily affected by commonly used organic solvents or co-solvents [e.g., methanol, ethanol, polyethylene glycol (PEG), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO)] at relatively low concentrations (<1% v/v). Therefore, NCEs with poor aqueous solubility may not be adequately evaluated by this model. It has become a common practice in the pharmaceutical industry to test solubility of compounds before performing any other in vitro screens and eliminate NCEs with poor aqueous solubility, thus preventing false negatives due to this issue. 

I was fortunate as an industrial scientist for Plaskon and Dow Corning to be allowed to concentrate for over 40 years on organofunctional silanes and their applications in surface modification of minerals. I chose a scientific ladder rather than an administrative ladder, so I could stay in the laboratory with one or two assistants and develop a practical feel for polymer composites. Understanding of interfacial phenomena was helped immensely by academic workers such as Professors Koenig and Ishida at Case Western Reserve University and Professor Boerio at the University of Cincinnati. They and their students conducted extensive analytical studies of the interface to demonstrate the reality of some of the concepts I had proposed from indirect evidence of performance tests. 

Industrial furnace tests, according to UL-1709 standard, have been carried out in a 1.5 m3 furnace (Figure 6.20) for further comparison with the heat radiator test. Different intumescent formulations have been examined The first type comprised three basic intumescent (ingredients include APP, PER, and melamine) epoxy resins (IF1, IF2, and IF3) whose performance is compared to a reference commercial intumescent epoxy resin (IF4). 

The technology for applying dry powders for firefighting purposes is well developed for small-scale situations, such as restaurant kitchen firefighting systems. (A scale-up to large industrial systems has not been done as yet, but no inherent technical problems would preclude such a scale-up.) However, to prevent lump formation, powder must be carefully stored and kept dry. The system should also receive a complete performance test periodically, to ensure that it will function when needed without having to discharge the powder inventory. 

Table 2-3 shows representative data on industry trial burns, and trial bums at the Johnston Atoll Chemical Agent Disposal System (JACADS) and TOCDF from the 1990s.9 As can be seen in the table, both the commercial facilities and the chemical agent disposal facilities conducted several trial bums under a variety of operating conditions. When conditions were changed, a new trial bum was conducted. For most of the commercial facilities, trial bums were conducted again after several years. At one company, Waste Technologies Industries, annual performance tests were required over a 4-year period. 

Large pilot plants remain indispensible only when in the development of an unconventional process sufficient amounts of novel product have to be made available for application studies, or when complex interactions between elements of the process have to be studied in an integrated way. In the latter case, a pilot plant will be a scaled-down version of an actual complex industrial plant, rather than just a reactor unit as required in catalyst performance testing or kinetic process studies. 

As regards food and water microbiology, current outbreaks in Europe have made apparent the necessity for official inspection agencies or ministry departments and for food industries or water agencies to get laboratories accredited quickly to perform tests in accordance with new test parameters, or to apply current methods to new ranges of food products. Accredited laboratories must be able to develop and validate new methods, or to derive methods from standards. Official recognition of these new test methods or their official incorporation into the scope of accreditation takes a long time, and audits are required for validation of these test methods. 

Traditionally, lubricant property (performance) test methods were used to determine in-service fluid condition. A variety of industrial organizations have standardized a number of physical test methods for this purpose. Utilizing lubricant property tests for condition monitoring introduces several physical and economic problems ... 

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