Industrial chemistry interactions

Consider the quotation from A. D. Little that is included in Denn s presentation [2], Chemical engineering. .. is not a composite of chemistry and mechanical and civil engineering, but a science of itself, the basis of which is those unit operations which in their proper sequence and coordination constitute a chemical process as conducted on the industrial scale. Thus, Little s interest was not only in obtaining a better understanding of unit operations, i.e., process units, but also in the selection of the units and a better understanding of the interactions between these units in a complete plant, which used to be called industrial chemistry but today is called process engineering. 

The health and vitality of academic chemistry depend to a large extent on the possible practical consequences of research. If chemistry were purely an intellectual discipline, it would have no more right to substantive funding than history or philosophy. Increased industry-university interaction can be helpful by making the academic value system, which appropriately places high priority on the development of Insight and understanding, more responsive to practical considerations. 

Researchers and engineers working in nuclear laboratories, nuclear electric plants, and elsewhere in the radiochemical industries need a comprehensive handbook describing all possible radiation-chemistry interactions between irradiation and materials, the preparation of materials under distinct radiation types, the possibility of damage of materials under irradiation, and more. Radiation nanotechnology is still practically an undeveloped field, except for some achievements in the fabrication of metallic nanoparticles under ionizing flows. 

The fundamental role that the interactions with the solvent as well as with the counterion play in determining the rate of anion-promoted reactions is well known. This class of reactions is of primary importance in organic and industrial chemistry. The effect of the medium can be quantified by comparing the reactivity in the condensed phase with that in the gas phase, where in the absence of any solvation, the "intrinsic" reactivity of the "naked" anion is observed. The goals of this entry are to briefly summarize the research on anion activators and activation. The scope of the article is necessarily limited and readers are urged to use the citations for more information. 

The reviews collected in this book convey some of the themes recurrent in nano-colloid science self-assembly, constraction of supramolecular architecture, nanoconfmement and compartmentalization, measurement and control of interfacial forces, novel synthetic materials, and computer simulation. They also reveal the interaction of a spectrum of disciplines in which physics, chemistry, biology, and materials science intersect. Not only is the vast range of industrial and technological applications depicted, but it is also shown how this new way of thinking has generated exciting developments in fundamental science. Some of the chapters also skirt the frontiers, where there are still unanswered questions. 

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