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Industrial animal cell culture

Over half of all biopharmaceuticals thus far approved are produced in recombinant E. coli or S. cerevisiae. Industrial-scale bacterial and yeast fermentation systems share many common features, an overview of which is provided below. Most remaining biopharmaceuticals are produced using animal cell culture, mainly by recombinant BHK or CHO cells (or hybridoma cells in... [Pg.124]

Over half of all biopharmacuticals thus far approved are produced in recombinant E. coli or S. cerevisiae. Industrial-scale bacterial and yeast fermentation systems share many common features, an overview of which is provided below. Most remaining biopharmaceuticals are produced using animal cell culture, mainly by recombinant BFIK or CFiO cells (or hybridoma cells in the case of some monoclonal antibodies Appendix 1). While industrial-scale animal cell culture shares many common principles with microbial fermentation systems, it also differs in several respects, as subsequently described. Microbial fermentation/animal cell culture is a vast speciality area in its own right. As such, only a summary overview can be provided below and the interested reader is referred to the Further Reading section. [Pg.129]

Besides their utilization in the production of many compounds with therapeutic, diagnostic, and immunizing applications, animal cell cultures have undoubted utility in the performance of in vitro cytotoxicity tests. They can be used for the evaluation of potential anti-neoplastic agents and assessment of the safety of various products, such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, alimentary additives, pesticides, and industrial chemical products. Cell culture systems are frequently employed in the cancer chemotherapy field, in which their potential value for viability and cytotoxicity tests is largely accepted. Animal models play an important role in toxicity testing, but the pressure to adopt in vitro tests is growing since they present considerable economical advantages over in vivo tests. The use of animal models is limited to human metabolism studies, and there are... [Pg.32]

Figure 9.19 also suggests that there is an optimization window available developing new cell culture methods that provide cell concentrations in the range of 107 to 108 cells mL-1 could represent requirements still lower than in microbial fermentations, but at the same time a significant increase in the volumetric productivities of industrial animal cell processes. [Pg.254]

The commercial exploitation of cell cultures can be gauged from the use of foetal calf serum. Even though this is increasingly being reduced as a component of cell culture media, sales increased more than 6-fold between 1984 and 1987 (Spier, 1987). The value of the market for products made from cultured animal cells has been estimated at 23 billion dollars for 1991 (Ratafia, 1987). These figures underline the importance of animal cell culture as an industrial as well as a research tool. [Pg.10]

Downstream processing steps are also important process components and have received only limited attention. In general, however, the types of downstream processes needed to extract chemicals from cell culture would be similar to the steps involved in their extraction from whole plants. But the extraction, separation and purification steps can generally use harsher conditions than those usually employed in the biotechnology industry for the recovery of protein products from recombinant microorganisms or animal cell culture. A major emphasis is needed, however, in the integration of these steps into an overall process system. [Pg.191]

Animal cells cultured in two-dimensional (2D) monolayers in traditional glass or plastic tissue culture flasks have been used successfully for many purposes in research and industrial production. However, such cultures may lose key phenotypic characteristics (e.g. virus susceptibility, morphology, surface markers/receptors) after repeated passage. In vivo the presence of three-dimensional (3D) cellular structures is critical to the correct development, function and stability of cells, tissues and organs. The characteristics that the researcher or technologist wishes to utilize are often a feature of the tissue and not individual cells, e.g. a functional bladder epithelium or crypt structures of the gut. In this section we describe some of the approaches that can be used to simulate certain features of the in vivo environment in an attempt to promote natural gene expression and tissue function in cultured cells. The described technologies address these features from two aspects ... [Pg.121]

Clearly the practical application of animal cell culture has to be underpinned by well-developed laboratory protocols. There are a significant number of cell culture procedures that are used across the broad range of ceU culture applications in both academic and industrial laboratories and frequently there are several methods that can be used to solve a given problem. [Pg.350]

Doyle, A., Morris, C. B and Melling, J. M. (1989) Animal cell culture collections and the supply of authenticated cultures and services for industry and research, in Biotechnology and Engineering Reviews, vol. 7, Intercept, Andover, UK. [Pg.39]

In spite of these hurdles, the last two decades have seen an immense leap in animal cell culture technology both at the laboratory scale as well as the industrial scale. A variety of bioreactors and instrumentation have been ingeniously been devised for the scale up and process control of animal cell cultures. Serum-free media development has considerably reduced the downstream processing costs in the recombinant protein production and purification process. The capability to induce some cell lines to lose anchorage dependence has also been an important breakthrough. [Pg.76]

This has clearly been demonstrated at the laboratory [48,49], as well as at the industrial scale [50]. Monitoring heat generation rates of microbial and animal cell cultures at the laboratory scale can yield extremely valuable additional information on the state of the culture and on metabolic events [51 -53], but this potential is only rarely exploited. [Pg.13]

Monitoring and control of processes are becoming increasingly important in the agricultural, pharmaceutical, textile, food and other industries (1, 16). For animal cell cultures, it is necessary to properly control the feeding of nutrients, removal of products and accumulation of by-product inhibitors in order to increase efficiency and reduce the cost of production (2-6). [Pg.116]

Typical industrial applications that conform to the homogeneous regime are (Shaikh and Al-Dahhan 2007) cultivation of bacteria and molds/fungi, production of single-cell protein, sewage treatment, and some specific cases of animal cell culture. Hydrotreatment of heavy fractions and coal to hydrocarbon conversion are some application relevant to the chemical industry. [Pg.454]

From an industrial perspective, quantitative knowledge of the existence of different transporters within the cellular system used in screening procedures is of major importance as it can influence both the predictive value of the permeability coefficients and interpretation of the results. In addition, information on species differences or similarities or discrepancies between cell culture models and animals now provide an important basis for the scaling of data during the early phases of drug discovery for animals or humans [48]. [Pg.114]


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