Recombinant microorganisms

Most plasmids are topologically closed circles of DNA. They can be separated from the bulk of the chromosomal DNA by virtue of their resistance to alkaline solution. The double-stranded stmcture of DNA is denatured at high pH, but because the two strands of the plasmid are topologically joined they are more readily renatured. This property is exploited in rapid procedures for the isolation of plasmid DNA from recombinant microorganisms (5,6). 

Production of Microbial Polyester by Fermentation of Recombinant Microorganisms... 

Matsui, T., and Maruhashi, K., High-Quality Desulfurization Method by Using Recombinant Microorganism. Patent No. JP2004113117. 2004, April 15. 

PEC. The patent includes the production method for the biocatalyst, with a characteristic inhibitory effect on certain enzyme expression. The expression recombinant vector contains a promoter free from manifesting inhibition due to an inorganic sulfur compound or a sulfur-containing amino acid. The recombinant microorganism also contains a gene for desulfurizing the sulfur-containing heterocyclic compound. 

Recombinant Microorganism and Desulfurization Method Utilizing the Same [110]. 

High-Quality Desulfurization Method by Using Recombinant Microorganism [111]. 

Further studies led to the development of a recombinant microorganism containing a desulfurization enzyme gene at the tail end of a promoter composed of (a) a DNA characterized by a claimed sequence (No. 1 in the referred application) and having... 

Figure 5.8 Typical industrial-scale fermentation equipment as employed in the biopharmaceutical sector (a). Control of the fermentation process is highly automated, with all fermentation parameters being adjusted by computer (b). Photographs (a) and (b) courtesy of SmithKline Beecham Biological Services, s.a., Belgium. Photograph (c) illustrates the inoculation of a laboratory-scale fermenter with recombinant microorganisms used in the production of a commercial interferon preparation. Photograph (c) courtesy of Pall Life Sciences, Dublin, Ireland...

The biotransformation that has caught the imagination of many synthetic organic chemists involves the conversion of benzene and simple derivatives (toluene, chlorobenzene, etc.) into cyclohexadienediols (20) using a recombinant microorganism E. coli JM109. The one step oxidation, via reduction of the... 

The use of recombinant microorganisms provided the technology and experience necessary for the successful application of higher organisms... 

Microbial enzymes play the greatest role in production of flavour compounds they can also be expressed in recombinant microorganisms. 

Much attention has been paid to the last step of the formation of monoter-penes and sesquiterpenes, which is catalysed by terpenoid synthases. Over 30 complementary DNAs (cDNAs) encoding plant terpenoid synthases involved in the primary and secondary metabolism have been cloned, characterised, and the proteins heterologously expressed [6]. However, because geranyl diphosphate and farnesyl diphosphate are not readily available substrates, their biotransformation by terpenoid synthases is not economically viable. As a result, considerable effort has been put into engineering the total plant terpenoid biosynthetic pathway in recombinant microorganisms. 

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