Anchorage dependence

Luis Roderiguez Fernandez, J., Geiger, B., Salmon, D., Ben-Ze ev, A. (1993). Suppression of vinculin expression by antisense transfection confers changes in cell morphology, motility, and anchorage-dependent growth of 3T3 cells. J. Cell Biol. 122, 1285-1294. 

Surface interactions play an important role in the ability of certain animal cells to grow and produce the desired bioproducts. An understanding of the dynamics of cell surface interactions in these "anchorage-dependent" cells (cells that function well only when attached to a surface) will be needed, for example, to improve the design of bioreactors for growing animal cells. 

One problem mentioned earlier is that certain animal cells are anchorage-dependent. Also, plant and animal cells are easily raptured by mechanical shear. Bioreactors for handhng such cells must be designed so that the contents of the reactor can be mixed without disrupting the cells. A similar problem exists in the design of systems to transfer the cells from one vessel to another. 

By far the greatest amount of work in the literature has been done on suspended hybridoma cells but the general tendency can be transferred to anchorage-dependent cell hnes. 

Cone-and-plate viscometers have been employed to study shear effects in both suspended (e.g. [138]) and anchorage dependent [122] mammalian cells. These devices have the advantage of requiring only small sample volumes ( lml). However, they are generally inappropriate for plant cell suspensions due to the larger cell and aggregate sizes. 

Zhou M, Smith AM, Das AK et al (2009) Self-assembled peptide-based hydrogels as scaffolds for anchorage-dependent cells. Biomaterials 30 2523-2530... 

Contact inhibition is a characteristic of the growth of anchorage dependent cells grown on microcarriers as a monolayer. Hawboldt et al. (1994) reported data on MRC5 cells grown on Cytodex II microcarriers and they are reproduced here in Table 17.13. 

Frame, K.K. and W.S. Hu, "A Model for Density-Dependent Growth of Anchorage Dependent Mammalian Cells", Biotechnol. Bioeng., 32, 1061-1066 (1988). 

Kalogerakis, N. and L.A. Behie, "Oxygenation Capabilities of New Basket-Type Bioreactors for Microcarrier Cultures of Anchorage Dependent Cells", Bioprocess Eng., 17, 151-156(1997). 

Zygourakis, K. Bizios, R. and P. Markenscoff, "Proliferation of Anchorage Dependent Contact Inhibited Cells Development of Theoretical Models Based on Cellular Automata", Biotechnol. Bioeng., 36, 459-470 (1991). 

Synthetic Spider Silk Proteins for the In Vitro Proliferation of Anchorage-dependent Cells... 

Anchorage-Dependent Process (Microcarriers, Hollow Fiber)... 

Schindler, M., Allen, M. L., Olinger, M. R., and Holland, J. F. (1985) Automated analysis and snrvival selection of anchorage-dependent cells under normal growth conditions. Cytometry 6, 368-374. 

Schindler, M., Jiang, L-W., Swaisgood, M., and Wade, M. H. (1989) Analysis, selection, and sorting of anchorage dependent cells nnder growth conditions. Methods Cell Biol. 32,423 46. 

Fugio Y, Walsh K. Akt mediates cytoprotection of endothelial cells by vascular endothelial growth factor in an anchorage-dependent manner. J Biol Chem 1999 274(23) 16,349-16,354. 

A two-dimensional micropatterned tissue can be easily obtained by utihz-ing the inherent differences in cell adhesiveness between different micropatterned photografted regions. This was attained by photoiniferter graft polymerization with a projection mask placed on an iniferter-derivatized surface. Since protein adsorption and cell adhesion are markedly suppressed on nonionic graft polymers, such as polyDMAm, any anchorage-dependent cells such as endothelial cell adhere and proliferate only on nonirradiated surfaces, resulting in the formation of a two-dimensional patterned tissue or cellular sheet (Fig. 24). 

Most recombinant mammalian cells are adherent cells that grow in an anchorage-dependent manner, requiring a surface support to replicate. To provide a large surface area with a minimum of cell culture medium, the adherent mammahan cells are... 

---