Inductively coupled plasma mass internal standard calibration

IATA ICAP ICP ICP-AES ICP-MS ICV ID IDL IDW ISO International Air Transportation Association inductively coupled argon plasma inductively coupled plasma inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry initial calibration verification identification instrument detection limit investigation-derived waste International Standardization Organization... 

Pd removal was determined as follows. An aliquot of a representative liquid or solid sample was accurately weighed and subsequently digested by refluxing in nitric and/or hydrochloric acid using a closed vessel microwave procedure (CEM MARS5 Xpress or Milestone Ethos EZ). Cooled, digested samples were diluted, matrix matched to standards, and referenced to a linear calibration curve for quantitation an internal standard was employed to improve quantitation. All samples were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer or ICP/MS (Perkin Elmer SCIEX Elan DRCII) operated in the standard mode. 

Two other techniques which warrant some mention are inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The former is limited in sensitivity. Bussiere et al. (1989) found a detection limit of 2 fig/L which was just sufficient to determine manganese in amniotic fluid directly when matrix-matched calibration and an internal standard of gallium was used. Concentrations in ten samples ranged from 14 to 16 /ig/L. Preconcentration techniques using a poly(dithiocarbamate) resin have been applied to the determination of manganese in urine (Barnes et al., 1983 Van Berkel and Maessen, 1988). Barnes et al. (1983) digested the... 

Concentration of the elements Mn, Fe, Cr, Ni, Co, As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu in water and plant samples were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (ELAN 5000, Perkin-Elmer). The instrument was calibrated by external standards of multi-element solutions for a range of 1-10 p-g/kg for water samples and 0.5-20 (xg/kg for plant material. Digested plant samples were diluted accordingly. Matrix effects and spectral interference were compensated by addition of internal standards ( Rh and Th). 

An easy calibration strategy is possible in ICP-MS (in analogy to optical emission spectroscopy with an inductively coupled plasma source, ICP-OES) because aqueous standard solutions with well known analyte concentrations can be measured in a short time with good precision. Normally, internal standardization is applied in this calibration procedure, where an internal standard element of the same concentration is added to the standard solutions, the samples and the blank solution. The analytical procedure can then be optimized using the internal standard element. The internal standard element is commonly applied in ICP-MS and LA-ICP-MS to account for plasma instabilities, changes in sample transport, short and long term drifts of separation fields of the mass analyzer and other aspects which would lead to errors during mass spectrometric measurements. 

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