Poly dithiocarbamate

Uri ne Extraction with poly-dithiocarbamate resin, which is ashed ICP/AES 2 ng/L 100+10% recovery Kneip and Crable 1988... 

Y. S. Chung, R. M. Barnes, Determination of gold, patinum, palladium and silver in geological samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry after poly(dithiocarbamate) resin pre-treatment,. /. Anal. Atom. Spectrom., 3 (1988), 1079D 1082. 

Two other techniques which warrant some mention are inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The former is limited in sensitivity. Bussiere et al. (1989) found a detection limit of 2 fig/L which was just sufficient to determine manganese in amniotic fluid directly when matrix-matched calibration and an internal standard of gallium was used. Concentrations in ten samples ranged from 14 to 16 /ig/L. Preconcentration techniques using a poly(dithiocarbamate) resin have been applied to the determination of manganese in urine (Barnes et al., 1983 Van Berkel and Maessen, 1988). Barnes et al. (1983) digested the... 

Powdered bone wet-ashed with hot HNO3 and H2O2. Simplex optimization of operating parameters. Elements of group B determined after concentration on poly(dithiocarbamate) resin. 

Fluorinated dithiocarbamates have been used as part of a supercritical fluid extraction (761), while pyrrolidene (762, 763), and benzyl (741, 764) dithiocarbamates and poly(dithiocarbamate) chelating resin (765) have also been utilized, as has detection by XRF (764) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (765). Related to this, the determination of chromium levels in urine has been achieved using lithium bis(trifluoroethyl)dithiocarba-mate as the complexing agent with detection via an isotopic dilution GC and mass spectral method (766). 

The next significant strength improvement followed the 1950 Du Pont (19) discovery of monoamine and quaternary ammonium modifiers, which, when added to the viscose, prolonged the life of the ziac cellulose xanthate gel, and enabled even higher stretch levels to be used. Modifiers have proliferated siace they were first patented and the Hst now iacludes many poly(alkylene oxide) derivatives (20), polyhydroxypolyamines (21—23), and dithiocarbamates (24). 

Nakayama Y., Miyamura M., Hirano Y., Goto K., Matsuda T., Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)-polystyrene block copolymers using photochemistry of dithiocarbamate as a reduced cell-adhesive coating material, Biomaterials 1999 20 963-970. 

A poly(acrylaminophosphamic-dithiocarbamate) chelating fibre hasbeen used to preconcentratrate several trace metals in seawater by a factor of 200 [957]. The elements included beryllium, bimuth, cobalt, gallium, silver, lead, cadmium, copper, manganese, and indium. ICP-MS was used for detection. 

Nickel Nickel adsorbed onto poly (triaminophenyl)glyoxal, desorbed with ammonium pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate in MIKB AAS [897]... 

Fig. 6 Transmission electron micrograph (TEM) of the cross-section of a PDMAAm(poly-dimethylacrylamide)-b-PST(polystyrene) block-graft-copolymerized surface stained in iodine vapor, a Spurr s resin, b PST layer, c PDMAm layer, d dithiocarbamate (DC)-derivatized PST film...

A polyhedron silsesquioxane ladder polymer containing polymerizable components was prepared in a three-step process to address this concern. The process initially entailed preparing the reversible addition-fragmentation transfer (RAFT) ladder iniferter, polysilsesquioxane dithiocarbamate. This intermediate was then polymerized with methyl methacrylate at ambient temperature by irradiating with ultraviolet (UV) light and poly(si Isesquioxane-g-methyl methacrylate) was obtained. 

Zinc complexes are important as additives for rubber polymers. Dithiocarbamate complexes are most commonly used here, but bis(8-hydroxyquinolinato)zinc inhibits the thermal decomposition of poly[(trifluoroethoxy)(octafluoropentoxy)phosphazene]. The zinc is thought to complex residual P—OH groups in the polymer chain, which would otherwise lead to rearrangement and chain scission.126... 

The dithiocarbamates have the pentacoordinate binuclear structure (44). The diamyl- and diethyl-dithiocarbamate complexes have been found to inhibit the hardening of asphalt, but the effect appears too weak to be useful.127 The latter complex is an effective antioxidant for polyethylene,128 polypropylene,129 polystyrene,130 poly(methyl methacrylate)130 and an isoprene-styrene copolymer.131 The di-n-butyldithiocarbamate complex is important in the vulcanization and injection moulding of rubber,132 as a stabilizer against photolytic and thermal degradation. 

Di-block copolymers may also be formed by using dithiocarbamate free radicals. Indeed, copoljoners containing poly(styrene) and poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) blocks have been obtained by a two-step procedure [145]. Firstly, styrene is photopolymerized in the presence of benzyl A,A-diethyldithiocarbamate (BDC) by a living radical mechanism [146]. In fact, as the benzyl and thiyl radicals, formed by the photoliagmentation of BDC, participate mainly in the initiation and termination reactions respectively, polystyrene with a dithiocarbamate end group is thus obtained. The successive UV irradiation of this polymer, in the presence of hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), gives rise to the di-block copolymer, according to Scheme 42. 

Poly(MMA)-poly(St)-poly(MMA) and poly(BA)-poly(St)-poly(BA) have thus been obtained with good blocking selectivity. This is particularly high in the latter case as the dithiocarbamate radical is substantially unable to initiate the polymerization of acrylates, BA reacting only with the polystyryl radical. 

Copolymers consisting of polysiloxane and poly(MMA) blocks may also be prepared starting from a dithiocarbamate-containing polysiloxane as photoinitiator in the presence of MMA, according to Scheme 44 ... 

In a previous paper [1 ], we have shown that cadmium and zinc may be separated using an insoluble copolymer with covalently bound dithiocarbamate groups on a poly(ethenemine) matrix. Two sites were identified for the binding of cadmium onto the copolymer. The 2 conditional stability constans (log = 11, log K2 = 4) were... 

Dithiocarbamate-terminated poly(E3VC) can be chain extended to form block copolymers with poly(styrene) (PS) blocks. These block copolymers exhibit excimer emission at 454 nm with blue fluorescence. The polymers are thermally stable above 350°C in a nitrogen atmosphere." ... 

Henckens, A., Duyssens, L, Lutsen, L., Vanderzande, D., Cleij, T.J., 2006. Synthesis of poly(p-phenylene vinylene) and derivatives via a new precursor route, the dithiocarbamate route. Polymer 47,123-131. 

Many researchers have focused on the preparation and catalytic properties of polymer-bound ruthenium and osmium species because of their proven ability to catalyze homogeneous reactions and the vast synthetic chemistry available for their preparation. A series of preformed polymers of [M(bpy)2(pol)nCl]Cl, where M can be a Ru(II) or Os(II) metal center coordinated to 2,2 -bipyridine ligands (bpy) and anchored to a pyridine or imidazole nitrogen of a PVP or poly(N-vinylimidazole) polymer (pol), have been prepared and characterized with respect to charge transport rates and mechanisms in drop-coated films on electrode surfaces. Electrodes coated with films of the ruthenium polymer have been shown to mediate the oxidation of nitrite, and nickel bis(2-hydroxyethyl)dithiocarbamate. ... 

Hydrophilic branched oligo(ethylene glycol)-substituted PPV derivatives, poly(2,5-bis(l,3-bis(tri-ethoxymethoxy) propan-2-yloxy)-1,4-phenyleneviny-lene) and poly(2-methoxy-5-(l,3-bis(triethoxymeth-oxy) propan - 2-yloxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene), have been described [23]. The polymerization reaction is carried out via the dithiocarbamate precursor route. Lithium hexamethyldisilazide is used as a base in order to get high-molecular-weight precursor polymers. After the thermal conversion of the precursor polymers into the fully conjugated systems, the solubility of the polymers has been examined. 

A method for modifying a poly(arylene-vinylene) or poly(heteroarylene vinylene) precursor polymer with dithiocarbamate moieties has been described [151,152]. 

Padmanaban, G., K. Nagesh, and S. Ramakrishnan. 2003. Segmented poly(2-methoxy-5-(2-ethyl-hexyloxy)-l,4-phenylene vinylene) via xanthate and dithiocarbamate precursors A comparative study of thermal eliminations. / Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 41 (24) 3929-3940. 

Poly styrene-butadiene). SBR-5362 To 143 g of emulsion were added 8.3 g of a zinc oxide dispersion, 3.7 g of a sulfur dispersion, 3.1 g of a butylated bisphenol A dispersion, and 2 g of a 50% by weight water solution of zinc dibutyl dithiocarbamate. The mixture was stirred, films cast, dried, and cured as above. The crosslinking mechanism again is the usual vulcanization. SBR-880 No additives were necessary since the material was self-crosslinking and is supplied with all necessary stabilizers. Films were cast, dried, and cured as above. 

Poly(vinyl chloride) has been modified, to high degrees of conversion, to dithiocarbamate derivatives capable of complexing transition metal-ions. ... 

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