Indium tube

During the workup of the o-xylene oxidation run, a strong lachrymator made its presence felt. This was probably a-bromo-o-xylene, although it was not detected in the low voltage mass spectrum. We suspected that a strong peak at mass 104, undoubtedly caused chiefly by a fragment ion derived from o-methylbenzyl alcohol by loss of H20 (I), might also contain a contribution from benzocyclobutene from the interaction of a-bromo-o-xylene with the indium tube used to introduce samples into the spectrometer. To test this possibility, benzyl bromide and a-bromo-o-xylene were run separately under the same conditions. 

When the benzyl and xylyl bromides were brought in contact with indium tubes for sampling, the indium was quickly discolored and pitted. The spectra of the material so taken up were recorded despite the clear evidence of reaction between the indium and the bromide. Relative intensities in the low voltage spectra and suggested identities of the compounds responsible for the peaks are shown in Table II. The chief result of indium attack on a-bromo-o-xylene was expected to be removal of a bromine atom to produce a xylyl radical. If this were the case, the major stable products should be xylene polymers of molecular weight 210, 314,... 

To increase the precision of the amount of sample injected, a known weight of sample, solid or liquid, can be introduced via a sealed indium tube. When the tube is placed in the hot injection port the tube melts, releasing the total sample into the chroma-... 

Nemst and his pupils carried out important work on gaseous equilibria and specific heats of gases at high temperatures. Vapour densities were measured in a small iridium Victor Meyer apparatus heated in an indium tube furnace to over 2000 C., quantities of about o ooi mg. being weighed in an ingenious microbalance devised by Nemst. Dissociation was measured by heating a... 

A low melting (5°C) gallium—indium—tin alloy has been the choice for small spiral-groove bearings in vacuum for x-ray tubes at speeds up to 7000 rpm (71). Surface tension 30 times that of oil avoids leakage of the gallium alloy from the ends of the bearings. 

Tin oxide and indium oxide [1312-43-2] Iu202, are other important semiconductors that are doped to increase conductivity. Sn02, Iu202, Ti02, and in particular, SrTiO, are transparent to visible light and are often used as transparent electrodes, for example, on vidicon tubes. 

Iseler, G. W. et al., Int. Conf. Indium Phosphide Relat. Mater., 1992, 266 Reaction of beryllium, copper, manganese, thorium or zirconium is incandescent when heated with phosphorus [1] and that of cerium, lanthanum, neodymium and praseodymium is violent above 400°C [2], Osmium incandesces in phosphorus vapour, and platinum bums vividly below red-heat [3], Red phosphorus shows very variable vapour pressure between batches (not surprising, it is an indeterminate material). This leads to explosions when preparing indium phosphide by reactions involving fusion with phosphorus in a sealed tube [4],... 

Indium also has many of the characteristics that make Al and Ga very useful for such applications. Particularly important is its capacity to dissolve Si, Ge and several lanthanide and transition metals, producing highly reactive forms of the elements. Moreover In does not form binaries with Si and Ge and has a low-melting point. RNiGe2 compounds, for instance, were prepared from stoichiometric quantities of the components in fine powder mixed with a 10 fold quantity of In in alumina tubes. These, flame sealed in fused silica tubes, were slowly heated to 1000°C, held at this temperature for a few hours, ramped down to 850°C, held for an additional 4 days and finally cooled down to room temperature over the course of another 4 days. Compound isolation from the In excess was performed by centrifugation at 300°C through a coarse frit. Further purification was carried out by a 15-minute submersion and sonication in 6 M aqueous HC1 (Salvador et al. 2004). 

The reactions are carried out in a 200-mL tail-form beaker, with a tightly fitting rubber stopper through which the platinum electrode leads are inserted gas inlet and outlet tubes can be inserted as required. The cathode is a platinum wire carrying a 2 X 2 cm platinum sheet. The anode is a platinum wire onto which a shot of indium is beaten to form a 1 X 1 cm plate. The electrodes are placed 1-2 cm apart in the liquid phase, which is a mixture of organic solvents. 

Indium metal (0.85 g) is maintained at +15 V in a solution phase of 100 mLof 50 50 benzene-dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso). Benzene is purified as in Section A above dimethyl sulfoxide is dried over 4A molecular sieves before use. The cell is cooled in an ice bath throughout the experiment. Chlorine gas is bubbled slowly through the solution phase (about one bubble per second from a 2-mm tube) for 2 hours. At the end of this period, the solution is brown, and most of the indium has dissolved approximately 0.1 g of corroded material remains. 

Many elements are present in the earth s crust in such minute amounts that they could never have been discovered by ordinary methods of mineral analysis. In 1859, however, Kirchhoff and Bunsen invented the spectroscope, an optical instrument consisting of a collimator, or metal tube fitted at one end with a lens and closed at the other except for a slit, at the focus of the lens, to admit light from the incandescent substance to be examined, a turntable containing a prism mounted to receive and separate the parallel rays from the lens and a telescope to observe the spectrum produced by the prism. With this instrument they soon discovered two new metals, cesium and rubidium, which they classified with sodium and potassium, which had been previously discovered by Davy, and lithium, which was added to the list of elements by Arfwedson. The spectroscopic discovery of thallium by Sir William Crookes and its prompt confirmation by C.-A. Lamy soon followed. In 1863 F. Reich and H. T. Richter of the Freiberg School of Mines discovered a very rare element in zmc blende, and named it indium because of its brilliant line in the indigo region of the spectrum. 

Irradiation. Indium metal was melted into a stainless steel tube,... 

Table III is a compilation of the parameters in a typical Cd-109 production run. A sealed stainless steel tube containing 105.8 g of indium was positioned in the proton beam for 56 days. Since the beam was not on continuously for this 56-day period, the integrated exposure of the target was not available. A total of 1553 mCi of Cd-109 was produced with 1427 mCi recovered giving a 92% recovery. The only other radioisotope found was 117 mCi of Cd-115m which cannot be separated.

The product is separated from traces of amine and an unidentified nonvolatile oil by resubliming the trimethylindium, under static vacuum, from one storage bulb to another through a U tube with gentle warming from a hot-air gun. Yield 71 g (97% based on adduct, 89% based on indium trichloride). 

While we have not yet carried out detailed kinetic measurements on the rate of photocorrosion, our impression is that the process is relatively insensitive to the specific composition of the strontium titanate. Trace element compositions, obtained by spark-source mass spectrometry, are presented in Table I for the four boules of n-SrTi03 from which electrodes have been cut. Photocorrosion has been observed in samples from all four boules. In all cases, the electrodes were cut to a thickness of 1-2 mm using a diamond saw, reduced under H2 at 800-1000 C for up to 16 hours, polished with a diamond paste cloth, and etched with either hot concentrated nitric acid or hot aqua regia. Ohmic contacts were then made with gallium-indium eutectic alloy, and a wire was attached using electrically conductive silver epoxy prior to mounting the electrode on a Pyrex support tube with either epoxy cement or heat-shrinkable Teflon tubing. 

Synthesis of single crystals of TBPDA (Cgo)2 was described elsewhere [4], Photoconductivity was excited by white light of a 150 W halogen tube. Photoconductivity was characterized by current T running through indium contacts attached to one of the faces of the samples with silver paste. The contacts were under direct voltage of 10-50 V. Current values were measured with a charge amplifier connected with PC. The cell filled with the sample was put in a resonator of a standard Radiopan SE/X 2547 spectrometer. 

An integrated circuit connector pad, consisting of a polymer film 22 acting as a carrier for an array of metal tubes 24 which extend through the film and protrude from each side, is continuously dipped in molten indium until the tubes are filled with indium by capillary action. The indium-filled tubes are affixed on a read-out chip. Next, the original metal tubes are etched away and the carrier is lifted off. Finally, the detector chip is aligned in position with the indium columns and the read-out chip and the detector chip are joined by pressure welding. 

Novel ball-type four f-butyl-calix[4]arene bridged double deckers lutetium(III) phthalocyanine [LuPc2(tbca)4] 10 and indium(III) phthalocyanine [InPc2(tbca)4] 11 were prepared by the reaction of l,3-bis(3,4-dicyanophenoxy)-4-fe/t-butylcalix arene 9 and the corresponding metal salts (Lu(OAc)3 3H20 and InCl3) in the presence of lithium metal in 1-pentanol under N2 in a sealed tube for 15h, Fig. 3. Yields of 10 and 11 were 18 and 55%, respectively. 

The burner heads used in such cool flame emission studies are often simply quartz tubes. Figure 12 shows the burner system used by Arowolo and Cresser27 for automated gas-phase sulfide determination, for example. Other species determined by cool flame emission techniques include chloride, bromide, and iodide, which give intense emission in the presence of indium.29 The main application of cool flame emission techniques in environmental analysis is in speciation studies, for example for the separate determination of sulfite and sulfide, or as element-selective detectors in gas chromatography. 

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