Mineral analysis

Yttrium occurs in nearly all of the rare-earth minerals. Analysis of lunar rock samples obtained during the Apollo missions show a relatively high yttrium content. 

Water analysis for drinking-water supplies is concerned mainly with pollution and bacteriological tests. For industrial supplies a mineral analysis is of more interest. Table 2.11 includes a typical selection and gives some indication of the wide range that can be found. 

Claisse40 has made a comprehensive attack on mineral analysis. He realized that fusion to give a glass disk could be used at once to remove Class II deviations. (7.8) and to give samples in which a (Equation 6-6) varies very little from one sample to another. Accordingly, he developed the fusion of minerals (other than sulfide minerals) with fluxes based on borax (100 mg of sample to 10 grams of borax) when graphite or sulfides are present, oxidation must precede the borax fusion. Internal standards or materials intended to fix the value of a may be added before... 

Mineral elements in biological tissue sections, derivation and use of equation for determination, 301-305 Minerals, analysis, use of borax flux by Claisse in, 173, 207, 209 use of curved-crystal spectrograph for small samples in, 206, 207 assay by x-ray emission spectrography, 199-209... 

P-10 gas, 45, 219 Pair production, 290 Palladium, determination by x-ray emission spectrography, 328 Particle size, effect of variations of, in mineral analysis, 200 Philips Autrometer, 252-256, 280 Philips Electronics gas analyzer, 135 Philips Electronics improved Coolidge tubes, 248, 252, 253... 

Vol. 27. Rock and Mineral Analysis. Second Edition. By Wesley M. Johnson and John A. Maxwell... 

Vol. 21 Reilctance Spectroscopy. By Wesley Wm.Wendlandt and Harry G. Hecht Vol. 22 The Analytical Toxicology of Industrial Inorganic Poisons. By the late Morris B. Jacobs Vol. 23 The Formation and Properties of Precipitates. By Alan G.Walton Vol. 24 Kinetics in Analytical Chemistry. By Harry B. Mark, Jr. and Garry A. Rechnitz Vol. 25 Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. Second Edition. By Morris Slavin Vol. 26 Characterization of Organometallic Compounds (in two parts). Edited by Minoru Tsutsui Vol. 27 Rock and Mineral Analysis. Second Edition. By Wesley M. Johnson and John A. Maxwell Vol. 28 The Analytical Chemistry of Nitrogen and Its Compounds (in two parts). Edited by C. A. Streuli and Philip R.Averell... 

Fripiat, J. J. "Advanced Techniques for Clay Mineral Analysis" Elsevier Amsterdam, 1982. 

Inorganic analysis was conducted in conjunction with the mineral analysis. Particles analyzed previously for mineral content were analyzed for their inorganic content, and an overall analysis conducted. The resultant EDS spectra output was fed into a spreadsheet software package which was adapted by the authors to allow the calculation of a quantitative elemental analysis. 

This survey of five major methods for coal mineralogy and their limitations includes only methods which can provide a "complete" mineral analysis. Methods of limited applicability, such as Mossbauer, are omitted. 

The third method for assessing accuracy is to calculate an elemental composition for each LTA s corresponding oxidized ash, based on the reference mineral elemental compositions. Reasonably close agreement between the actual (obtained by ICP-AES) and calculated elemental compositions would substantiate (but not prove) the mineral analysis. The standard error of prediction (SEP) for... 

Si02 and AI2O3 are within the ASTM limits for those elements. Note that all these errors are better than the value of 4.8 resulting from the mineralogical analysis. (However, the mineral analysis was not optimized to predict ash elementals.)... 

Advanced techniques fur clay mineral analysis. Developments in sedimentology, 34. Elsevier, 5-29... 

A minerals analysis at a distance of 10 m has been done with a modified Raman system to collect LIBS data, thus obtaining quantitative values for cation... 

Many elements are present in the earth s crust in such minute amounts that they could never have been discovered by ordinary methods of mineral analysis. In 1859, however, Kirchhoff and Bunsen invented the spectroscope, an optical instrument consisting of a collimator, or metal tube fitted at one end with a lens and closed at the other except for a slit, at the focus of the lens, to admit light from the incandescent substance to be examined, a turntable containing a prism mounted to receive and separate the parallel rays from the lens and a telescope to observe the spectrum produced by the prism. With this instrument they soon discovered two new metals, cesium and rubidium, which they classified with sodium and potassium, which had been previously discovered by Davy, and lithium, which was added to the list of elements by Arfwedson. The spectroscopic discovery of thallium by Sir William Crookes and its prompt confirmation by C.-A. Lamy soon followed. In 1863 F. Reich and H. T. Richter of the Freiberg School of Mines discovered a very rare element in zmc blende, and named it indium because of its brilliant line in the indigo region of the spectrum. 

STUDER (H.P.), 1967. Mineral analysis of natural zeolite deposits. Clays and Clay Min. l j, 187-8. 

Durst, R.W., Wrolstad, R.E., and Krueger, D.A. 1995. Sugar, nonvolatile acid, l3C/l2C ratio and mineral analysis for determination of authenticity and quality of red raspberry juice composition. J. AOAC Int. 78 1195-1204. 

Table 1 shows the nutritional and mineral analysis of distiller s dried grains and solubles (DDs) from both whole-corn and G/F minus com fermentations. Most significant are a 23% increase in protein concentration, a 58.5% decrease in neutral detergent fiber, a 45.5% decrease in fat, overall increases in net energy, and a 60.7% decrease in phosphorus. 

A book describing the development of chemistry in Britain over the period 1760-1820 in relation to the contemporary social context makes repeated reference to analytical chemistry. One of the themes developed is that chemistry in general, and analytical chemistry in particular, was seen as a means to social improvement through its applications in agricultural chemistry and mineral analysis. The availability and relative simplicity of much of the apparatus (e.g. the portable laboratories referred to earlier) meant that the appropriate analyses could be widely performed. Chemical analysis also held out the prospect of advances in medicine by applying both simple techniques and the latest technology, especially the voltaic pile, to attempts to analyse body fluids.335... 

Bresler, E. (1978). Analysis of trickle irrigation with application to design problems. Irrig. Sd. 1, 3—17. Brewer, R. (1964). Fabric and Mineral Analysis of Soil. John Wiley, New York. 

Minerals, electrochemistry of — Many minerals, esp. the ore minerals (e.g., metal sulfides, oxides, selenides, arsenides) are either metallic conductors or semiconductors. Because of this they are prone to undergo electrochemical reactions at solid solution interfaces, and many industrially important processes, e.g., mineral leaching and flotation involve electrochemical steps [i-ii]. Electrochemical techniques can be also used in quantitative mineral analysis and phase identification [iii]. Generally, the surface of minerals (and also of glasses) when in contact with solutions can be charged due to ion-transfer processes. Thus mineral surfaces also have a specific point of zero charge depending on their sur-... 

When a split hair sample from a healthy volunteer was sent to six commercial laboratories in the USA for trace mineral analysis, marked variations in results were found (including lithium concentrations), leading to the conclusion that such analyses were unreliable (708). 

Seidel S, Kreutzer R, Smith D, McNeel S, Gilliss D. Assessment of commercial laboratories performing hair mineral analysis. JAMA 2001 285(l) 67-72. 

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