Indian almond

Terminalia catappa (family Combretaceae) Commonly known as Indian almond and used only locally. Originated in South Asia. 

Identification of 9,12-tetradecadienyl (9,12-14) compounds began with studies on two cosmopolitan pests of stored products, the almond moth (Cadra cmtella, Pyralidae Phycitinae) and the Indian meal moth (Plodia interpunctella, Phycitinae) [38,39]. This 9,12-14 structure has been reported from another 13 Pyralidae (only in Phycitinae) species and 11 Noctuidae species (9 species in Amphipyrinae, and 1 species each in Hadeninae and Plusiinae). These two families, however, are not closely related. Most likely, the females classified in distant groups happened to produce the same chemical in the train of their perpetual evolution of modifying the original systems for pheromone biosynthesis. The 5,7-dodecadienyl (5,7-12) structure is a carbon skeleton common... 

Low levels of resistance have been reported for some populations of Indian meal moth, almond moth, and red flour beetle populations in stored peanuts in the southeastern United States (Zettler et al., 1989), but no assessments are available for phosphine resistance in insect populations in mills, warehouses, processing plants, and other structural facilities. Phosphine can be corrosive to metals, particularly copper, electrical wiring, and electronic equipment (Bond et al., 1984), which limits its application in food processing facilities and warehouses. A new formulation of phosphine, in which phosphine gas is combined with carbon dioxide and released from a cylinder, alleviates some but not all of the corrosive effects of phosphine and is labeled for use as a structural treatment. 

Cogbum, R.R. and Vick, K.W. 1981. Distribution of angoumois grain moth, almond moth, and indian meal moth in rice fields and rice storage in Texas as indicated by pheromone-baited adhesive traps. Environ. Entomol. 10, 1003-1007. 

Hunter, D.K., Collier, S.S., and Hoffman, D.F. 1977. Granulosis virus of the Indian meal moth as a protectant for stored in shell almonds. J. Econ. Entomol. 70, 493-494. 

McGaughey, W.H. and Beeman, R.W. 1988. Resistance to Bacillus thuringiensis in colonies of Indian meal moth and almond moth (Lepidoptera Pyralidae). J. Econ. Entomol. 81, 28-33. 

Kuwahara, Y., Kitamura, C., Takahashi, S., , H., Ishii, S. and Fukami, H. (1971). Sex pheromone of the almond moth and the Indian meal moth cis-9, trans-12-tetradecadienyl acetate. Science 171 801-802. 

Both the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella, and the almond moth, Cadra cautella, utilize (, Ej-9,12-tetradecadienyl acetate as a primary sex pheromone (92, 93). In addition, (Z -9-tetradecen-l-ol has been identified as part of the sex pheromone of C. cautella (94). Significantly, attraction of almond moth males to their females is strongly inhibited in the presence of Indian meal moth females (95). These results emphasize the probable presence of secondary components in the sex pheromone blend that may play key roles in jamming the olfactory responses of closely-related and sympatric species. 

For the sweet tooth, try the almond cream cheese crepes topped with a hot marionberry honey compote, or the poppyseed pancakes served with real Vermont maple syrup. A more savory yet equally rich breakfast is the Hungarian mushroom omelette - a three-egg omelette stuffed with mushrooms, onions, dill and paprika and smothered in a rich sour cream sauce. While the breakfast menu is a mainstay, dinner entrees change weekly. Specials are a mix of Indian, Asian and South American influences. 

Several members of the family Phycitidae share the same pheromone, and field studies involving several of these moths have been carried out. Reichmuth et al. (613) showed the utility of pheromone traps for early detection of the tobacco moth, Ephestia elutella, and the Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella. Sower et al. (614, 615) showed that mating frequency of the Indian meal moth and the almond moth, E. cautella, was effectively reduced at low population densities. Wheatley (107) and Haines (617) also reported that mating frequency of the almond moth was reduced, and that detection and survey traps would be feasible and very useful for this pest and several related species. 

Sower, L. L., W. K. Turner, and J. C. Fish Population-density-dependent mating frequency among Plodia interpunctella (Lepidoptera Phycitidae) in the presence of synthetic sex pheromones with behavioral observations. J. Chem. Ecol. 1,335—342 (1975). Sower, L. L., and G. P. Whitmer Population growth and mating success of Indian meal moths and almond moths in the presence of synthetic sex pheromones. Envir. Entomol. 6,17—20(1977). 

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