INDEX reinforcement materials

Potassium titanate has a high refractive index and a low thermal conductivity. Moreover, its size is in the right range to scatter infrared radiation. Thus it has potential use as an insulating and ir-reflective material. Other potential applications of potassium titanate include its use as a filtration medium, a reinforcement material for organic polymers, and an asbestos replacement in friction brakes. Between 1965 and 1972, pigmentary potassium titanate was manufactured in the United States (108). 

For a gradient reinforced material, the following regularity is observed abrasion is maximal for the rigid side consisting of PIC only. As the PU component in the material increases, the abrasion index becomes minimal exceeding insignificantly abrasion indices typical of standard rubbers. This indicates that PU component addition to polyisocyanurate materials increases wearability of the materials obtained. 

A simplified performance index for stiffness is readily obtained from the essentials of micromechanics theory (see, for example. Chapter 3). The fundamental engineering constants for a unidirectionally reinforced lamina, ., 2, v.,2, and G.,2, are easily analyzed with simple back-of-the-envelope calculations that reveal which engineering constants are dominated by the fiber properties, which by the matrix properties, and which are not dominated by either fiber or matrix properties. Recall that the fiber-direction modulus, is fiber-dominated. Moreover, both the modulus transverse to the fibers, 2, and the shear modulus, G12. are matrix-dominated. Finally, the Poisson s ratio, v.,2, is neither fiber-dominated nor matrix-dominated. Accordingly, if for design purposes the matrix has been selected but the value of 1 is insufficient, then another more-capable fiber system is necessary. Flowever, if 2 and/or G12 are insufficient, then selection of a different fiber system will do no practical good. The actual problem is the matrix systemi The same arguments apply to variations in the relative percentages of fiber and matrix for a fixed material system. 

Table V. Peak Fire Propagation Index Values for Fiber Reinforced Composite Materials...

The refractive index of the material used to separate the two pieces of glass also affects the process and the wavelength reinforced will be that radiation which in the material used has a wavelength of 2T. The wavelength of radiation in air which will be reinforced by such a filter will be ... 

USOrdnance Corps, "Ordnance Materials Handbook ORDP 20 306, Washington, DC (1957) 8)Dept of the Army, "Index of Specifications and Standards, Washington, DC, vol 2(1958), pp 2-3 9)H-A.Perry, "Adhesive Bonding of Reinforced Plastics, McGraw-Hill, NY(1959) 10)J.J.Veliky ... 

The ideal type of plastics to process are those with high melt flow indexes, low viscosity at processing temperatures, and consistent melt flow from one lot to the next from a material supplier. Reinforced plastics can set up problems such as meeting dimensions and/or tolerances and damage to molds. 

Fire tests in a 25-foot tunnel furnace were carried out according to standard ASTM E84 by the Underwriters Laboratory and the Hardwood Plywood and Veneer Association. Results are given for the flame spread index (FSI) and smoke developed index (SDI). The values obtained from burning the test materials represent a comparison with that of Va inch inorganic reinforced cement board expressed as zero and red oak flooring expressed as 100. 

Flammability of materials is characterized by many different ways, one of them is the flame spread index (FSI). As reference values, FSI for inorganic reinforced cement board surface is arbitrarily set as 0, and for select grade oak surface as 100 under the specified conditions. FSI for ordinary wood species is typically between 100 and 200, and for some special cases it is as low as 60-70. An average FSI for about 30 different wood species is 125 45. 

ASTM is a worldwide organization that started in the 19th century with headquarters now in West Conshohocken, Penna. (suburb of Philadelphia), USA. It is recognized as a world authority on standards for testing all types of materials that includes plastics. Their annual books of ASTM Standards contain more than seven thousand standards published in sixty-six volumes that include different materials and products. There are four volumes specifically on plastics 08.01-Plastics I 08.02-Plastics II 08.03-Plastics III, and 08.04-Plastic Pipe and Building Products. Other volumes include information on plastics and reinforced plastics (KPs). The complete ASTM index is listed under different categories for the different products, types of tests (by environment, chemical resistance, etc.), statistical analyses of different test data, and so on. 

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