INDEX clinical management

Monro, J. A. (2002). Glycaemic glucose equivalents combining carbohydrate content, quantity and glycaemic index of foods for precision in glycaemia management. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 11, 217-225. 

Anxiolytics and Sedative-Hypnotics. Because of their large therapeutic index, measurement of anxiolytic or sedative-hypnotic serum concentrations is not usually necessary in clinical practice, unless abuse, overdose, or inadvertent toxicity are suspected. Some data indicate that plasma alprazolam levels of 40 ng/mL may be required to manage panic disorder ( 51) (see the sections Adverse Effects of Anxiolytics and Adverse Effects of Sedative-Hypnotics in Chapter 12). 

Antman EM, Anbe DT, Armstrong PW, et al. ACC/AHA 2004 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. Available atwww.acc.org/clinical/guidelines/stemi/ index.pdf. Accessed July 7, 2006. 

Resurgence of Hypothermia as a Treatment for Brain Injury. The Effects of Hypothermia and Hyperthermia in Global Cerebral Ischemia. Mild Hypothermia in Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia. Hypothermic Protection in Traumatic Brain Injury. Postischemic Hypothermia Provides Long-Term Neuroprotection in Rodents. Combination Therapy With Hypothermia and Pharmaceuticals for the T reatment of Acute Cerebral Ischemia. Intraoperative and Intensive Care Management of the Patient Undergoing Mild Hypothermia. Management of Traumatic Brain Injury With Moderate Hypothermia. Hypothermia Clinical Experience in Stroke Patients. Hypothermia Therapy Future Directions in Research and Clinical Practice. Index. 

NICE (National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence) (2004) Type 2 diabetes prevention and management of foot problems. Available at http //www.nice.org.uk/ guidance/index.jsp action=bylD o=10934 [Accessed 03 July 2008],... 

The clinical features of drug interactions are often non-specific, and therefore a high index of suspicion should be maintained if they are to be recognized promptly. When a new drug is started, a specific management plan should be made, which... 

Examples of product quality GxP data include study data (e.g., stability trial data, clinical trial data, patient and animal records/results), regulatory submissions (e.g., stability data, development summary reports), analytical production data (e.g., analytical methods, quality reference data), and compliance management (e.g., indexes to archived documents/records). 

The use of cytokine antagonists (monoclonal antibodies to cytokines) used in the management of rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn s disease has some beneficial effect on Graves orbitopathy. A recent stndy of 10 patients with mild to moderately severe Graves orbitopathy showed that the administration of etanercept, an antitrunor necrosis fector drug (25 mg a week for 3 months) was associated with a significant improvement of the clinical activity score and ophthalmopathy index in approximately 60% of patients. 

The relevant part of the Drug Tariffs is divided into two lists List A and List B. List A gives an alphabetical index of products which the Advisory Committee on Borderline Substances (ACBS) has recommended for the management of the conditions shown under each product. List B is an index cross-linking clinical conditions and the products which the ACBS has approved for the management of those conditions. It is normal to consult List A first. 

Systems audits in archiving should verify that SOPs and procedures are in place for timely archiving and adequate retrieval of clinical documents. This involves, for example, a dedicated facility/ area for long-term storage with adequate access controls and environmental protection (e.g. against loss, flood, vermin or fire). A dedicated person (and a backup) must be responsible for the management and operation of the archive. Documents provided to the archive must be indexed to ensure retrieva-bility. A reasonable timeframe should be specified for documentation to be moved into the archive after trial termination. 

In study-based quality management systems, such as good laboratory practice (GLP) and good clinical practice (GCP), the study number is considered as the main index variable and any other information along the meta-data model can be derived from it. With the help of the meta-data model (see Box Meta-Data Model), it can be checked easily if the information of the documented GxP-relevant process is complete. 

Retinoids represent a unique approach to the problem of adjuvant therapy in cancer. Since the retinoids have a mechanism of action different from conventional cytotoxic therapies, they may be effective in situations where tumor burden is reduced. Additionally, these compounds are likely to be well received by both patient and physician since they cause little toxicity at low doses. Successful adjuvant treatment for minimal residual cancer represents one of the greatest challenges in cancer management. Admittedly, the retinoids currently in clinical testing do not possess the ultimately desirable attributes of total efficacy with little toxicity. However, the need for newer retinoid analogs with improved therapeutic index will be clearly verified if studies with currently available drugs indicate beneficial effect. 

In summary, the use of shed dentition as a biological indicator of cumulative exposure to lead in children would appear to be appropriate under certain conditions. These conditions include rigorous steps to minimize variance in the measure multiple tooth sampling restricted to the same type (and location if possible), or use of concordance criteria for acceptance or rejection of lead levels in replicate sampling. By its nature, measurement of lead in teeth is a retrospective index of exposure to lead, and this measure is not as inherently useful for regulatory policy or clinical intervention/management of lead exposure and intoxication as is PbB. The various prospective studies currently under way in different countries for lead exposure/effects in children include some that utilize serial measurement of PbB in the paediatric subjects as they develop. Comparison of these multiple measurements with lead in shed dentition in the future would be valuable in establishing blood lead-tooth lead relationships. 

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