Tooth lead testing

Each child having an incisor lead-content larger than 7 yg/g was assigned its "best fitting" control child in terms of age, sex, and father s occupation, with a tooth-lead content < 3 yg/g. From a total of 458 children we selected 52 children in 26 pairs and submitted them to psychological testing. The main results from this study are given in Table 2. 

In Table 6, the linear correlations between lead exposure parameters and the other psychometric tests administered to children are reported. A significant relationship was found between ALA-D and Toulouse-Pieron Tj and delayed reaction time. No significant relationship was found between PbB and PbH and any of these psychometric tests, but tooth lead showed a significant relationship with Bender Gestalt and Toulouse-Pieron T and T2... 

The increase in the explained variance due to whole tooth lead level was only limited and reached a 10% significance level only for the number of errors in the simple visual reaction time test, the WISC-R performance test, more specificly for the block design and picture arrangement subtest, as well as for the number of errors in the Toulouse-Pieron attention task. 

As can be inferred from this overview of some important psychological variables, few increases in the explained variance due to the tooth lead level reach the 5% level of significance only the number of errors in the simple reaction time test is significantly related to the lead level. However, the relationship is a discordant one which needs further exploration. On the other hand, if a 10% level of statistical significance is accepted, there is some indication of a relationship between the tooth lead level and the WISC-R... 

It is estimated that the average daily tin uptake per adult is approximately 4 mg, however tin is not accumulated in the body. So far, the role of tin in the human body has not been completely understood, although some data lead to the conclusion that it is involved in oxidation-reduction processes. Some authors suggest that the lack of tin in the fodder of test animals causes reduced growth and tooth depigmentation (Schwartz et ah, 1970). 

Gingival atrophy, where the root is exposed leading to tooth sensitivities and caries, is a prevalent disorder that requires better graft options [109]. The Santerre group recently published that a D-PHl PU is compatible with HGFs cultured in a medium-perfused bioreactor [110], The coculture of HUVECs with HGFs was subsequently tested to see if HUVECs could vascularize the PU scaffolds. HUVEC clusters could be seen at the end of the 28-day test and the cocultures had modulated cytokine activities depending on the ratio of HUVEC HGF [105]. 

Germany Nordenham children retested at age 9 (76) Children exposed from a nearby lead—zinc smelter PbB geometric mean = 7.8 pg/dl (from 1985). Pb-tooth geometric mean = 4.7 pg/g Significant association of PbB and Pb-teeth with Vienna Reaction Test and Visual Evoked Potential responses Winneke etal. (1989)... 

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