Summary of Developments

Further, since 1993, Effenberg has edited the Red Book , annual summaries of developments in the world literature of phase diagrams. 

The present chapter is largely concerned with HPLC, together with a summary of developments in quantitative thin-layer chromatography, but a brief account of the various types of liquid chromatography is given first together with a guide to the choice of appropriate separation mode. 

A summary of developments in physical adsorption during the period from 1943 to 1955 has been given recently by Everett 94). The chief difference between the approach used by Brunauer in his book published in 1943 and that in vogue in 1955 is in the great development of the thermodynamic aspects of the subject. Prior to 1943, the main effort was in developing theories to predict the shape of adsorption isotherms. Since then, emphasis has shifted towards the thermodynamic properties of the adsorbed phase, particularly its entropy. 

II. Summary of Developments Concerning the Synthesis of Cyclic Acetals. 73... 

For a recent summary of developments in the metal-based and metal-free catalytic desymmetrization of meso anhydrides with alcohols, see A. P. Spivey, B. I. Andrews, Angew. Chem. 2001, 113, 3227-3230 Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2001, 40, 3131-3134. 

The alkaloid literature has been reviewed up to the end of June 1970, but for convenience most authors have started their literature surveys from January 1969 this inaugural volume, therefore, properly represents a summary of developments in the subject during an eighteen-month period. The whole field of alkaloid chemistry has been reviewed with the exception of the steroidal alkaloids of the Solarium and Veratrum groups. It has not proved possible owing to limitations of space to include these sub-groups in the present volume, and it is therefore planned to include a review of developments in this area during a two-year period in the second volume. 

Ihree papers from Oak Ridge National Laboratory provide a comprehensive summary of developments in solvent extraction of uranium firom leach liquors. Coleman et al. [C2] describe studies of a number of possible amine extractants. Blake et al. [B4] describe work with organophosphorus compounds. Brown et al. [B8] describe processes based on both types of extractants. 

Wang H.D. Sun X.B. 2006. Summary of development of perforating technology both in China and abroad. Explosive Materials 35(3) 33-36. 

Current Summary of Development and Application of the ZACA Reaction and Conclusion... 

Lin PS, Lee CT (2008) Ground-motion attenuation relationships for subduction-zone earthquakes in northeastern Taiwan. Bull Seismol Soc Am 98(l) 220-240. doi 10.1785/0120060002 Tsai YB, Wen KL, Chen KB, Kuo JY (2000) Summary of development of the Taiwan earthquake catalog and strong ground motion attenuation equations. Report for the National Project on the Disaster Prevention, 79 pp (in Chinese)... 

The electronic theory of organic chemistry, and other developments such as resonance theory, and parallel developments in molecular orbital theory relating to aromatic reactivity have been described frequently. A general discussion here would be superfluous at the appropriate point a brief summary of the ideas used in this book will be given ( 7- )-... 

Since the development of a method for polymer characterization has been spread over several sections and since the literature contains several variations in the manner data is displayed, a summary of some pertinent definitions and relationships will be helpful at this point ... 

The Record of Invention. The second phase of developing a record of the invention is to condense the record into a summary form which serves several purposes. Specifically, the record of invention estabUshes a date of invention through attached copies of notebook records, spectra, and the like which all prove that the invention has in fact been conceived and reduced to practice in some form having practical utihty. 

There are two problems in the manufacture of PS removal of the heat of polymeriza tion (ca 700 kj /kg (300 Btu/lb)) of styrene polymerized and the simultaneous handling of a partially converted polymer symp with a viscosity of ca 10 mPa(=cP). The latter problem strongly aggravates the former. A wide variety of solutions to these problems have been reported for the four mechanisms described earlier, ie, free radical, anionic, cationic, and Ziegler, several processes can be used. Table 6 summarizes the processes which have been used to implement each mechanism for Hquid-phase systems. Free-radical polymerization of styrenic systems, primarily in solution, is of principal commercial interest. Details of suspension processes, which are declining in importance, are available (208,209), as are descriptions of emulsion processes (210) and summaries of the historical development of styrene polymerization processes (208,211,212). 

Removal of metal chlorides from the bottoms of the Hquid-phase ethylene chlorination process has been studied (43). A detailed summary of production methods, emissions, emission controls, costs, and impacts of the control measures has been made (44). Residues from this process can also be recovered by evaporation, decomposition at high temperatures, and distillation (45). A review of the by-products produced in the different manufacturing processes has also been performed (46). Several processes have been developed to limit ethylene losses in the inerts purge from an oxychlorination reactor (47,48). 

Operating Guidelines The test protocol should be developed in consultation with the principal operators and supervisor. Their cooperation and understanding are required for the test to be successful. Once the protocol is approved, analysts should distribute an approved one-page summary of the test protocol to the operators. This should include a concise statement of me purpose of the test, the duration of the test, the operating conditions, and the measurements to be made. The supervisor for the unit should initial the test protocol. Attached to this statement shoiild be the tag sheet that will be used to record measurements. 

Many authors contributed to the field of diffusion and chemical reaction. Crank (1975) dealt with the mathematics of diffusion, as did Frank-Kamenetskii (1961), and Aris (1975). The book of Sherwood and Satterfield (1963) and later Satterfield (1970) discussed the theme in detail. Most of the published papers deal with a single reaction case, but this has limited practical significance. In the 1960s, when the subject was in vogue, hundreds of papers were presented on this subject. A fraction of the presented papers dealt with the selectivity problem as influenced by diffitsion. This field was reviewed by Carberry (1976). Mears (1971) developed criteria for important practical cases. Most books on reaction engineering give a good summary of the literature and the important aspects of the interaction of diffusion and reaction. 

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