Index admission

A retrospective study of 52 delusionally depressed patients suggested that there may be various subgroups bipolar, early onset unipolar and possibly unipolar, late onset (12). As with previous reports, there was a remarkably high rate of psychotic relapse in those patients who manifested psychotic symptoms at the index admission (i.e., depression or mania with psychotic features). Moreover, psychotic features were more common in bipolar than in unipolar depression. 

It has been shown that CGRP is released into the circulation during the development of human sepsis and septic shock (A8). Plasma CGRP levels correlated with the APACHE II score as well as with cardiac index and systemic vascular re-sistence index. There is also a relationship between the initial plasma CGRP levels and the severity of the disease at the time of admission to the ICU. Plasma CGRP levels are related to the hemodynamic changes seen early in septic shock. 

NICE Guidance (2007) National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence. Guidance. Technical patient safety solutions for medicines reconciliation on admission of adults to hospital. http //www.nice.org.uk/guidance/index.jsp action=byID o=11897. Cited 30 Dec 2008 NHS (2004) Connecting for Health. Connecting for health business plan London Department of Health, http //www.connectingforhealth.nhs.uk. Cited 30 Dec 2008 NHS (2005) NHS Community Pharmacy Contractual Framework. Enhanced Service-Medication Review (Full Clinical Review). EN7, Version 1.http //www.psnc.org.uk/data/files/... 

When medicines are on the market, the actual incidence of serious ADRs is difficult to judge but clearly they occur with sufficient frequency to be a serious concern. An authoritative review7 concludes that between 1 in 30 and 1 in 60 physician consultations result from ADRs (representing 1 in 30 to 40 patients). The same review concludes that 4 to 6% of hospital admissions could be the result of ADRs. Although there is debate over the number of deaths caused by ADRs — the figure of around 106,000 deaths per year in the USA is often quoted,2 8 this has been suggested to be a gross overestimate and, for example, the U.S. FDA MedWatch system recorded 6894 deaths in 2000 (http //www.fda.gov/medwatch/ index.html). 

Index functional status 30 d after stroke. The results showed that only the severity of neurological deficit predicted greater 30-d mortality in these patients. Patients with hyperthermia on the first day of hospitalization had increased mortality and worse functional status at 30 d, but increased temperature was not an independent predictor of mortality 30 d after PICH. In a study to assess typical early onset complications following ischemic stroke, Weimar et al. (5) looked at a cohort of 3866 patients from 14 neurology departments with an acute stroke unit. In the first week following admission, increased intracranial pressure (ICP) and recurrent cerebral ischemia were the most frequent complications, along with fever, severe hypertension, and pneumonia. Similar concerns are also found in cardiac surgery patients in whom perioperative stroke occurred (6). 

The patient, an 84-year-old male resident of a veteran s home, was admitted to the hospital following a fall in which he had sustained a fracture of his left radius and several lacerations. Physical examination on admission revealed a well-nourished elderly male in no great distress (body mass index (BMI), 22.5 kg/m2). He was moderately confused but with prompting was oriented to time, place, and person. There was no obvious pallor, cyanosis, or jaundice, and his skin and mucous membranes were unremarkable apart from the injuries he sustained in the fall. His right lower extremity was swollen and tender, and he walked cautiously and with a pronounced limp. 

Percy Veere had been admitted to the hospital with a diagnosis of mental depression associated with malnntrition (see Chap. 1). At the time of admission, his body weight of 125 lb gave him a body mass index (BMI) of 17.5 (healthy range, 18.5-24.9). His sernm albnmin was 10% below the low end of the normal range, and he exhibited signs of iron and vitamin deficiencies. 

The critical indices estimated from these relations fall into the admissible ranges of variation P = 0.39-0.40, V = 0.8-0.9, and t = 1.6-1.8, determined in terms of the percolation model for three-dimensional systems. The researchers [7] noted that not only numerical values but also the meanings of these values coincide. Thus the index P characterises the chain structure of a percolation cluster. The 1/p value, which serves as the index of the first subset of the fractal percolation cluster in the model considered [7], also determines the chain structure of the cluster. The index v is related to the cellular texture of the percolation cluster. The 2/df index of the second subset of the fractal percolation cluster is also associated with the cellular structure. By analogy, the index t defines the large-cellular skeleton of the fractal percolation cluster. The relationship between the critical percolation indices and the fractal dimension of the percolation cluster for three-dimensional systems and examples of determination of these values for filled polymers are considered in more detail in the book cited [7]. Thus, these critical indices are universal and significant for analysis of complex systems, the behaviour of which can be interpreted in terms of the percolation theory. 

Performance indices Let us denote the set of all admissible models of a process system by M containing all the models we consider. A performance index X is a real number which is defined for every member model in M, that is... 

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