Inclusion chemistry

Connors, K. A., The stability of cyclodextrin complexes in solution , Chem. Rev., 1997, 97,1325-1357. 

The term AGintrasoiute describes host-guest interactions and mnst have a favonrable or, at worst, zero contribution. It involves contribntions from hydrogen bonding, dipolar and van der Waals forces. AGsoivation describcs solvent effects (hydrophobic, solvent rearrangement). This may be favourable or 

Solid-state cyclodextrin complexes generally fall into three broad categories - channel, cage and layer - depending on the orientations of the cyclodextrin moieties and the connectivity between one 

With larger guest molecules that do not fit the cavity, all three principal cyclodextrins are capable of forming channel structures in which the cyclodextrin cavities line up in order to produce an extended hydrophobic channel into which guests can be threaded in a similar way to urea clathrates 

In addition to extra-framework charge-balancing cations, a variety of other elements and compounds can be included within the pores, usually from the vapour. These include volatile organic and inorganic molecules, which are described in the next chapter, but also species such as metals and non-metals. 

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Fig. 9. Cucurbituril inclusion chemistry (a) tridimensional stmcture of cucurbit[6]uril (b) conjectured cross-sectional representation of a host—guest...

Fig. 13. Phenolic host inclusion chemistry (a) schematic representation of the cage stmcture (open circles denote oxygen of OH, R corresponds to aryl part...

Fig. 14. Choleic acid inclusion chemistry (a) crystal stmcture of DCA inclusion compound with phenanthrene (b) view along a DCA inclusion helix accommodating DMSO and water guest molecules (oxygen and sulfur atoms and methyl groups are represented by open circles and large and small black...

It is not easy to control the steric course of photoreactions in solution. Since molelcules are ordered regularly in a crystal, it is rather easy to control the reaction by carrying out the photoreaction in a crystal. However, molecules are not always arranged at an appropriate position for efficient and stereoselective reaction in their crystals. In these cases inclusion chemistry is a useful technique, as it can be employed to position molecules appropriately in the host-guest structure. Chiral host compounds are especially useful in placing prochiral and achiral molecules in suitable positions to yield the desired product upon photoirradiation. Some controls of the steric course of intramolecular and intermolelcular photoreactions in inclusion complexes with a host compound are described. 

An exciting area in inclusion chemistry is the design and synthesis of molecules which could behave as ion channels. Future developments in this field offer the potential for developing new synthetic antibiotic molecules, model systems for investigating transport across membranes, and ion channels specific for particular ions. Such studies are so far only in their infancy. 

Stucky, Galen D., The Interface of Nanoscale Inclusion Chemistry. 40 99... 

Phenolic host inclusion chemistry, 14 173 Phenolic hydroxyl group, effect on lignin, 15 11... 

Keywords Network structures Molecular hosts Inclusion chemistry... 

Balkus, K.J.J., Gabrielov, A.G. and Inclusion, 1. (1995) Inclusion Chemistry with Zeolites Nanoscale Materials by Design (eds H. Norman and D.R. Corbin), Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, pp. 159-184. 

PHENOLIC RESINS] (Vol 18) Phenolic host inclusion chemistry... 

Organized Media Effects. Another general reason for using hosL-guesi inclusion chemistry in synthesis is controlled selectivity and artificial enzyme mimicry. 

We shall now discuss several recognition processes and describe the main properties of the corresponding molecular receptors. Insofar as receptor molecules have cyclic geometries and contain cavities into which the substrate(s) may bind, the chemistry of molecular recognition also covers macrocyclic chemistry and inclusion chemistry. In view of the extensive literature concerning these domains, the reader is referred to specific monographs, reviews or original papers for more information (see Appendix). 

Glycoluril derivatives, inclusion chemistry, 12, 814 18/3-Glycyrrhetinic acid, with trinuclear Ru and Os clusters, 6, 743... 

Iminophosphoranes, mercuration, 2, 432 (Iminophosphoranyl)ferrocenes, synthesis, 6, 202 Imino-pyrrolate systems, with zirconium, 4, 1138-1139 Imino-pyrrolides, with Zr(IV) and Hf(IV), 4, 780 Imino-pyrrolyl ligands, in chromium complexes, 5, 355 Iminosilanes, reactions, 3, 440 Imprinted complexes, on oxide surface, 12, 810 Impurities, glovebox techniques, 1, 215 Inclusion chemistry... 

Porous polymers, supported tin hydrides, 9, 347 Porphyrinato complexes, with Zr(IV), 4, 809 Porphyrin-pyridylphosphines, inclusion chemistry, 12, 814 Porphyrins... 

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