In roots

Lettuce plants were grown under artificial day-light for 12 hours a day. The uptake of POPs was assessed by measuring the amount of Endosulfan compounds in roots and leaves from lettuce plants after 10, 20 and 33 days. In addition, control plants grown in uncontaminated soil were monitored and analysed. 

This reaction is used to prepare high-purity phosphoric acid and salts of that acid for use in food products. Phosphoric acid, H O is added in small amounts to soft drinks to give them a tart taste. It is present to the extent of about 0.05 mass percent in colas, 0.01 mass percent in root beers. 

Starch is a polysaccharide found in many plants, where it is stored in roots and seeds. It is particularly abundant in corn and potatoes, the major sources of commercial starch. Perhaps as much as 50% of our food energy comes from starch, mostly in the form of wheat products. 

Starch is a polysaccharide, a chain of many glucose molecules. It is the main carbohydrate store in roots and seeds. 

Wintergreen is used as a flavoring in foods, beverages, drugs, and candies. It is also used as a perfume in root beer, and as an ultraviolet light absorber in cosmetics. 

All of the schemes were open to non-managers. Management or business experience was needed for the adult schemes, but it was made dear this did not have to be within BT or a large business. Non-managers made up 60 per cent of the mentors, but nearly ail of these were in Roots Wings. 

Starch is a widely distributed material which occurs in roots, seeds, and fruits of plants. For commercial use, com is the principal source, though wheat and potatoes are also used. Starch is extracted by grinding with water, filtering, centrifuging, and drying, a process which yields starch in a granular form. 

Simonetti E. Veronico P. Melillo M. T. Delibes A. Andres M.F. Lopez-Brana I. (2009) Analysis of class III peroxidase genes expressed in roots of resistant and susceptible wheat lines infected by Heterodera avenae / / Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. V. 22. P. 1081-1092. 

Position 5 in Fig. lb describes the brief explosive development of biomass in an ephemeral species capable of exploiting a productive but temporary habitat. Here again morphological plasticity would be expected to predominate. In the vegetative phase, plasticity in root and shoot morphology will be an integral part of the mechanism of resource capture. 

Itai, C. Vaadia, Y. (1965). Kinetin-like activity in root exudate of water-stressed sunflower plants. Physiologia Plantarum, 18, 941-4. 

Davies, W.J., Schurr, U., Taylor, G. Zhang, J. (1987). Hormones as chemical signals involved in root to shoot communication of effects of changes in the soil environment. In Hormone Action in Plant Development - A Critical Appraisal, ed. G.U. Hoad, M.B. Jackson, J.R. Lenton and R. Atkin, pp. 201-6. London Butterworths. 

Walton, D.C., Harrison, M.A. Cote, P. (1976). The effects of water stress on abscisic acid levels and metabolism in roots of Phaseolus vulgaris and other plants. Planta, 131, 141. ... 

Pitman, M.G., Lauchli, A. Stelzer (1981). Ion distribution in roots of barley seedlings as measured by electron probe X-ray micro-analysis. Plant Physiology, 66, 673-9. 

Gulick, P. Dvorak, J. (1987). Gene induction and repression by salt treatment in roots of the salinity-sensitive Chinese Spring Wheat and salinity-tolerant Chinese Spring x Elytrigia elongate amphiploid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 84, 99-103. 

The shift in pattern of protein synthesis during anaerobiosis has been observed in root tissue of many other plant species including rice, sorghum, barley, pea, and carrot (see Sachs Ho, 1986). In anaerobically treated barley aleurone cells, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity increases (Hanson Jacobsen, 1984) as does enzyme activity and mRNA levels for ADH (Hanson, Jacobsen Zwar, 1984). 

The carotenoids are the most widespread group of pigments in nature, with an estimated yield of 100 million tonnes per annum. They are present in all photosynthetic organisms and responsible for most of the yellow to red colours of fruits and flowers. The characteristic colours of many birds, insects and marine invertebrates are also due to the presence of carotenoids, which have originated in the diet. Animals are unable to synthesise carotenoids de novo, and so rely upon the diet as the source of these compounds. Carotenoids found in the human diet are primarily derived from crop plants, where the carotenoids are located in roots, leaves, shoots, seeds, fruit and flowers. To a lesser extent, carotenoids are also ingested from eggs, poultry and fish. Commercially, carotenoids are used as food colourants and in nutritional supplements (Table 13.1). Over recent years there has been considerable... 

Carrot crt genes from E. herbicola CaMV 35S 2-5 fold increase in root carotenoids Ausich et al., 1991 Hauptmann et al., 1997... 

TABLE VI. Residues (ppm on Fresh Weight Basis) of Glyphosate and N-Nitrosoglyphosate in Roots and Shoots of Oat Plants Grown in the Treated Soil ... 

Watson, J.R and Gabehnan, W.H., Seasonal changes and cultivar differences in pigment concentrations and percent dissolved solids in roots of table beets, J. Am. Soc. Hort. Sci., 107, 713, 1982. 

Stephenson, M.B. and Hawes, M.C. (1994) Correlation of Pectin Mcthylesterase Activity in Root Caps of Pea with Root Border Cell Separation. Plant Physiol. 106 739-... 

Establishment of inoculated Azospirillum spp. in the rhizosphere and in roots of field grown wheat and sorghum. Plant Soil 90 35-46. 

Siciliano SD, H Holdie, JJ Germida (1998) Enzymatic activity in root exudates of Dahurian wild rye (Elymus daurica) that degrades 2-chlorobenzoic acid. J Agric Eood Chem 46 5-7. 

Table 2. Gold concentration in roots and shoots of alfalfa plants exposed for two weeks to gold treatments varying from 10 to 320mgl .

The uptake data showed that alfalfa plants concentrated Au mainly in roots (Table 2). 

No differences were observed in the Au concentration found in roots of plants treated with lCU40mgAuU (317-350 mg kg dry mass). However, the roots of plants exposed to 80, 160, and 320mgAuU, concentrated (average + SE) 998 + 63, 1779 161, and 5704+109, respectively [75]. On the other hand, it was observed that the translocation of Au from roots to shoots was higher in plants exposed to lOmgAuU (ratio shoot/root of 0.2) and lower in plants exposed to 320mgAuU (ratio of 0.04). 

The flavonoids universally occur in vascular plants, in which they are often responsible for the colors of flowers and fruits, although they are also present (often less apparently) in roots, stems, and leaves [10]. The number of possible sources from which these compoimds can be isolated is very large and much useful information on this can be obtained in reviews [10-12]. 

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