In-line configuration

Also refer to Table 24.1(b). The variation in line parameters considered here and produced in Table 24.1 (b) may be due to change in line configuration and spacings.)... 

The impeller configuration does not alter the radial measurement locations discussed in the preceding sections. However, it increases the importance of the axial (Z-axis) measurement point. The in-line configuration drastically increases the axial loading on the rotating element and, therefore, the axial (Z-axis) measurement... 

The in-line configuration consists of deposition chambers that are separated by isolation chambers [153]. The layer sequence of a solar cell structure prescribes the actual sequence of deposition chambers. The flexibility is much less than with a cluster configuration, and costs are generally much higher, but the throughput can also be much larger. In an in-line system the substrates can move while deposition takes place, which leads to very uniformly deposited layers, as uniformity of deposition is required only in one dimension (perpendicular to the moving direction). 

Figure 19 Suspended permanent magnet configurations (a) cross-belt and (b) in-line configuration. (With permission from Ref. 15.)...

There are notable exceptions, however, such as the CEP Lodge Stressmeter . This rheometer is unique in that it measures both viscosity and first normal stress difference, Nl. Both laboratory and in-line configurations are available. The instrument is shown in Figure 4.13. The Lodge Stressmeter is applicable to low-viscosity systems and available commercially from Chemical ElectroPhysics Corp. (Delaware, NJ). 

Change from "delta-shaped", i.e.- WtV to "in-line" configuration, ie. GO substantially improved the relative alignment of the three individual guns, red, green and blue. 

A commercially available four point probe, with sharp probe tips of very small diameter, and probe spacing typically ca. 0.2 cm, may be used in conjunction with a current source and a voltmeter (e.g. a digital multimeter). The probe may be lowered onto the sample through a mechanical device. Alternatively, the 4-in-line configuration of Fig. 11-la may be emulated in a permanent fixture into which the sample is lowered or otherwise affixed. If the sample is a powder, it is first compacted into the form of a pellet, using a laboratory hydraulic press or other device. 

The Z-spray inlet/ionization source sends the ions on a different trajectory that resembles a flattened Z-shape (Figure 10.1b), hence the name Z-spray. The shape of the trajectory is controlled by the presence of a final skimmer set off to one side of the spray instead of being in-line. This configuration facilitates the transport of neutral species to the vacuum pumps, thus greatly reducing the buildup of deposits and blockages. 

There are several types of deposition chamber configurations (Fig. 2). The batch-type system is the most commonly used, but the requirement that the system be returned or let-up to ambient pressure on each cycle can pose problems in obtaining a reproducible processing environment. The load-lock system and the in-line system allows the deposition chamber to be kept under vacuum at all times and the substrates introduced and removed through... 

Fig. 2. Vacuum processing chamber configuration (a) batch coater (b) load-lock coater (c) in-line coater (d) cluster tool (e) roU coater (batch) and (f) roU coater (air-to-air), [[ccsq]] represents the isolation valve with transfer tooling [[artl]], the motion of fixturing and [[art2]], the access door.

A line configuration in a system of uniform size in which expansion or contraction must be absorbed largely in a short offset from the major portion of the run... 

The large, heavy-duty, integral engine-compressor has long been the workhorse of the gas compression industry. The in-line or V-shaped power cylinder, horizontal compressor cylinder configuration is lamitiar. 

Location and piping configuration must consider the possibility of DDT. For example, for end-of-line and in-line deflagration flame arresters, the location must be identical to the test piping configuration or a DDT may occur. 

Figure 8.19 illustrates another example of the versatility of multidimensional OPLC, namely the use of different stationary phases and multiple development ("D) modes in combination with circular and anticircular development and both off-line and on-line detection (37). Two different stationary phases are used in this configuration. The lower plate is square (e.g. 20 cm X 20 cm), while the upper plate (grey in Figure 8.19) is circular with a diameter of, e.g. 10 cm. The sample must be applied on-line to the middle of the upper plate. In the OPLC chamber the plates are covered with a Teflon sheet and pressed together under an overpressure of 5 MPa. As the mobile phase transporting a particular compound reaches the edge of the first plate it must-because of the forced-flow technique-flow over to the second (lower) stationary phase, which is of lower polarity. 

The impeller configuration has a major impact on stability and operating envelope. There are two impeller configurations in-line and back-to-back, or opposed. With the in-line design, all impellers face in the same direction. With the opposed design, impeller direction is reversed in adjacent stages. 

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