Improper operation

Improper operation of a process may result in the vessel s exceeding design temperature. Proper control is the only solution to this problem. Maintenance procedures can also cause excessive temperatures. Sometimes the contents of a vessel may be burned out with torches. If the flame impinges on the vessel sheh, overheating and damage may occur. 

Sites made suitable for use by human-made physical barriers shall not be located where improper operations or maintenance of such structures could permit the waste, leachate, or gases to contact usable groundwater or surface water. 

Although the pump was being run at 25% of the BEP (Best Efficiency Point), it was designed for this type of service. This eliminated improper operation or running outside of the Sweet Zone. 

Maintenance costs can be minimized by, and are directly related to, good operation likewise, better operating results can be obtained when the equipment is under the control of a planned maintenance program. Improper operation of mechanical equipment can be as much or more the cause of its deterioration and failure as is actual, normal mechanical wear. Thus, operation and maintenance go together. 

Many manufacturers will estimate maximum glycol losses to be 1 lb or. 1 gal per MMscf. Improper operation can increase the actual glycol losses to 1, 10, or even 100 gallons per MMscf. One leaking pump can waste 35 gallons per day (Ballard, 1977). 

Fuel dilution of oil in an engine weakens the oil film strength, sealing ability, and detergency. Improper operation, fuel system leaks, ignition problems, improper timing, or other deficiencies may cause it. Fuel dilution is considered excessive when it reaches a level of 2.5 to 5 per cent. 

It should be noted that the trace of a matrix that represents a given geo] operation is equal to 2 cos y 1, the choice of signs is appropriate to or improper operations. Furthermore, it should be noted that the aim direction of rotation has no effect on the value of the trace, as a inverse sense corresponds only to a change in sign of the element sin y. TE se operations and their matrix representations will be employed in the following chapter, where the theory of groups is applied to the analysis of molecular symmetry. 

Hazards surveys are suitable for identifying hazards associated with equipment design, layout, material storage, and so forth. They are not suitable for identifying hazards resulting from improper operation or upset conditions. On the other hand, this approach is fairly rigorous, requires little experience, is easy to apply, and provides a quick result. 

Improper operating procedure cause a chemical process upset resulting in a tank boilover and vapor release. Explosion impacted fire suppression system capability. 

For classes with fewer than four sites, the assertion is trivial. For chiral classes with four or more sites, there is at least one triple of sites which does not lie in a symmetry plane of the skeleton. For, if all sites lie in a common symmetry plane, molecules of the class with the ligands all different would possess planes of symmetry, i.e., the class would not be chiral. On the other hand, suppose that the sites do not lie all in a common mirror plane, but that nevertheless every triple of sites lies in a symmetry plane. It follows that every pair of sites lies on the intersection of two different symmetry planes, therefore on an axis of symmetry of the skeleton. But if more than four sites all lie pairwise on an axis of symmetry of a finite figure, they must all lie on a common axis, and the class is again achiral. For chiral classes, then, there is at least one triple of sites which does not lie on a plane of symmetry of the skeleton. Now consider a molecule in which the sites of this triple are occupied by ligands of three different kinds, the other sites by ligands different from these three, but identical with each other. Such a molecule is chiral, since the only improper operation which leaves the three different ligands invariant is a reflection in the plane of the triple, and this changes the rest of the molecule. The assertion follows immediately. 

By definition, a molecule is achiral if it is left invariant by some improper operation (reflection or rotary reflection) of the point group of the skeleton. Writing the permutation s corresponding to a given improper operation in cyclic form,... 

Now let JT denote the set of all pairs (ij) of sites such that the transposition (ij) corresponds to an improper operation. The set of ( — 1)-dimensional hypersurfaces determined by... 

A) Every cycle of every permutation s corresponding to an improper operation of the skeleton point group must contain at least two sites,... 

An example of category (b) is the four-site skeleton of Fig. 17, with symmetry C4 . Here the improper operations (24) and (13) determine the ( —1) = 3-dimensional hypersurfaces... 

Odour problems are closely connected to sewage collection, treatment and sludge disposal. There are many reasons for this, like improper operation and design of the facilities. 

Example 3 Flow Calculations for an Improperly Operating Extruder... 

Diagnosing and eliminating a problem that occurs due to an improperly operating extruder can be difficult and time consuming. This section contains several case studies where improperly designed processes created contamination defects in the final articles. The axial pressure profiles of the metering channels for these case studies and other studies in the next chapters were calculated using the method described in Section 9.2.1. The simulated axial pressure profiles are shown with solid lines while the estimated pressure profiles are shown by dashed lines. 

The malfunction or failure of system components, incorrect documentation, or improper operation that makes the proper use of the system impossible for an undetermined period, characterizes some of the incidents that can affect the correct operation of a computer system. These system incidents are also nonconformances. 

Condition or improper operation of the instrumentation system (result caused by equipment or software malfunction, lack of proper calibration or qualification, misuse by analyst, etc.). 

Overpressure in cryogenic systems can also occur in a more subtle way. Vent lines without appropriate rain traps can collect rainwater. Which when frozen can block the line. Exhaust tubes on relief valves and burst disks likewise can become inoperable. Small-necked, open-mouth dewars can collect moisture from the air and freeze closed. Entrapment of cold liquids or gases can occur by freezing water or other condensables in some portion of the cold system. If this occurs in an unanticipated location, the relief valve or burst disk may be isolated and afford no protection. Such a situation usually arises from improper operating procedures and emphasizes the importance of good operating practices. 

The vapor velocity in a finite-stage contactor column can be limited by the liquid handling capacity of the downcomers or by entrainment of liquid droplets in the rising gases. In most cases, however, downcomer limitations do not set the allowable vapor velocity instead, the common design basis for choosing allowable vapor velocities is a function of the amount of gas entrainment which can result in improper operation or flooding of the column. 

---