Immunostain

The pattern of expression of the reeeptors is based on immunoloealisation studies eondueted by eolleagues where + represents the intensity of immunostaining and — where expression eould not be deteeted. The presenee of aromatase aetivity in Sertoli eells has been reported in the literature. Aromatase may also be expressed in fetal Leydig eells and efferent duets (K. J. Turner, unpublished observations). 

Fig. 4.2 Dorsal root ganglia pathology in HIV neuropathy is characterized by foci of macrophage-lymphocytic infiltration (a) and Nagoette nodules (b). Infiltration by activated macrophages is demonstrated by immunostaining with anti-CD68 antibodies (c) (scale bar, 50 pm). Reproduced with permission of Wiley-Blackwell Pubhshing (Pardo et al. 2001)...

Fig. 4.3 Epidermal nerve fiber illustrated in a 50-pm vertical skin section, immunostained with the panaxonal marker anti-protein gene product 9.5. Skin section showing epidermal nerve fiber density arrows) in the distal leg of a healthy adult (a) and reduced epidermal nerve fiber density and degenerating fibers arrows) in the distal leg of a HIV-associated sensory neuropathy patient (b) (scale bar, 50 pm). Courtesy of Drs Gigi Ebenezer and Justin McArthur, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA...

Inamura K., Kashiwayanagi M. and Kurihara K. (1999). Regionalization of Fos immunostaining in rat accessory olfactory bulb when the vomeronasal organ was exposed to urine. Eur J Neurosci 11, 2254-2256. 

XCL1 Synovium RT-PCR (mRNA), ISH (mRNA), IHC Higher levels compared with OA. Expression restricted to lymphocytic infiltrate in RA. Immunostaining shows strong staining in RA compared with OA and reactive arthritis but not PA. 175... 

Figure 1.1 Examples of immunostaining for c-Fos IR (dark nuclear staining) and GAD (light cytoplasmic staining) in the MnPN. A higher percentage of GAD-positive cells (arrows) also expressed c-Fos IR (black arrows) following high (A) compared with low spontaneous sleep (B). From Gong et al (2004b). See also Plate 1.

Wang, Q. P., Ochiai, H. Nakai, Y. (1992). GABAergic innervation of serotonergic neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus of the rat studied by electron microscopy double immunostaining. Brain Res. Bull. 29, 943-8. 

FaRP-immunostaining has been localized to the nervous system of a range of other nematode species, including free-living, animal parasitic and plant parasitic forms (Table 20.2 and references therein). 

The use of pairs of matched spectral variants of GFP, like cyan and yellow or GFP and mRed, to differentially tag proteins and look for interactions, is now in routine use. The approach can be readily applied to homodimerization of molecules that differ only by their living color or epitope tag. For example, homomultimer-ization of a viral coat protein can be observed by imaging a mixture of cyan and yellow tagged homomeric molecules [46], whereas oc-synuclein stacking can be detected by utilizing a-synuclein transcripts that encoded different epitope tags for detection by immunostaining [47],... 

Third Step The Western blotting technique, applied to cell extracts, was used to confirm the pRB immunostaining results in two bladder cancer cell lines of T24 and J82, giving quantitative results for pRB in the two cell lines, comparable with that demonstrated by IHC (Fig. 1.3). 

Figure 1.2 Examples of immunostaining intensity from comparison of pRB-IHC in 27 cases of FFPE tissues of bladder cancer (Table 1.4). (A-D) Negative (<10%) showing a few weak positive nuclei (arrows) (E-H) moderate positive (>10%) (I-P) strong positive (>50%). Arrows indicate positive nuclear staining for some lymphocytes or other stromal cells as an internal control. Note the lack of nuclear hematoxylin counterstaining due to low pH AR treatment. The order of cases are indicated in Table 1.4. Reproduced with permission from Shi et al.. Biotech. Histochem. 2007 82 301-309. See color insert.

Suthipintawong C, Leong AS-Y, Vinyuvat S. Immunostaining of cell preparations a comparative evaluation of common fixatives and protocols. Diagn. Cytopathol. 1996 15 167-174. 

Shidham VB, Chang C-C, Rao RN, et al. Immunostaining of cytology smears a comparative study to identify the most suitable method of smear preparation and fixation with reference to commonly used immunomarkers. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2003 29 217-221. 

Liu J, Farhood A. Immunostaining for thyroid transcription factor-1 on fine-needle aspiration specimens of lung tumors a comparison of direct smears and cell block preparations. Cancer 2004 102 109-114. 

Shtilbans V, Szporn AH, Wu M, et al. p63 immunostaining in destained broncho-scopic cytological specimens. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005 32 198-203. 

Goel MM, Mehrotra A, Singh U, et al. MIB-1 and PCNA immunostaining as a diagnostic adjunct to cervical Pap smear. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2005 33 15-19. 

Fetsch PA, Abati A. The effects of antibody clone and pretreatment method on the results of HER2 immunostaining in cytologic samples of metastatic breast cancer a query and a review of the literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007 35 319-328. 

Numerous articles have demonstrated the availability of RNA extracted from a few cells or even a single cell taken by laser captured microdissection (LCM) system from archival FFPE tissue sections that had been previously stained by IFIC. Using a combination of pre-immunostained FFPE tissue section with LCM, a sensitive real-time quantitative RT-PCR can be achieved based on a few immuno-detected cells, creating a way to study pathophysiological gene regulation in a cell-specific manner in archival tissues housed in... 

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