Pathophysiological studies

Ben-Hur N, Giladi A, Neuman Z, et al. 1972. Phosphorus bums A pathophysiological study. 

Good, J.L., Khurana, R.K., Mayer, R.F., Cintra W.M., Albuquerque, E.X. (1993). Pathophysiological studies of neuromuscular function in subacute organophosphate poisoning induced by phosmet. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiatry 56 290. ... 

When using the HPLC assay method, contaminations from the protein boimd iodine do not interfere with the determination of the serum inorganic iodide (SII), making it the method of choice for detection in the serum. Although the clinical relevance of the measurement of SII is limited, it allows calculation of the absolute iodine uptake, which has a great value in certain pathophysiological studies (Rendl et al., 1998). 

In addition to the reports of uptake of intact small liposomes (SUV) by hepatocytes (Scherphof et al., 1983), there is some evidence of uptake of intravenously administered liposomes as intact structures by cells other than mononuclear phagocytes of the MPS. Recently, the integrity of the capillary endothelial barrier in several pathophysiological conditions was discussed (Bodor and Brewster, 1986). Several studies already indicated an increased capillary permeability during inflammation both in animals (Lopez-Berestein et al., 1984a) and in man (Morgan et al., 1985 Williams et al., 1987). 

B cells also have impact on T-cell differentiation. B-cell antigen presentation plays an important role at promoting Th2 responses and pathophysiology during allergic disorders. It has been shown that B-cell -/- mice and in mice selectively deficient in MHCII on B cells had decreased Th2 cytokines IL-4 and IL-5 [152]. Also in another study it has been reported that B-cell-derived exosomes can present allergen peptides and activate allergen-specific T cells to proliferate and produce Th2 cytokines IL-5 and IL-13 [42]. 

Methods of detection, metabolism, and pathophysiology of the brevetoxins, PbTx-2 and PbTx-3, are summarized. Infrared spectroscopy and innovative chromatographic techniques were examined as methods for detection and structural analysis. Toxicokinetic and metabolic studies for in vivo and in vitro systems demonstrated hepatic metabolism and biliary excretion. An in vivo model of brevetoxin intoxication was developed in conscious tethered rats. Intravenous administration of toxin resulted in a precipitous decrease in body temperature and respiratory rate, as well as signs suggesting central nervous system involvement. A polyclonal antiserum against the brevetoxin polyether backbone was prepared a radioimmunoassay was developed with a sub-nanogram detection limit. This antiserum, when administered prophylactically, protected rats against the toxic effects of brevetoxin. 

Research in this area advanced in the 1970 s as several groups reported the isolation of potent toxins from P. brevis cell cultures (2-7). To date, the structures of at least eight active neurotoxins have been elucidated (PbTx-1 through PbTx-8) (8). Early studies of toxic fractions indicated diverse pathophysiological effects in vivo as well as in a number of nerve and muscle tissue preparations (reviewed in 9-11). The site of action of two major brevetoxins, PbTx-2 and PbTx-3, has been shown to be the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (8,12). These compounds bind to a specific receptor site on the channel complex where they cause persistent activation, increased Na flux, and subsequent depolarization of excitable cells at resting... 

Perfusion imaging techniques study pathophysiologic events that occur in capillaries and other microscopic blood vessels that cannot be seen by angiographic techniques like CTA or MRA. The perfusion imaging techniques in most widespread clinical use are performed using CT or MRl, and generally obtain or... 

Since functional outcome and risk of recurrent stroke are, in part, predictable based on the pathophysiologic subtype of stroke, the ability to accurately classify patients based on emergency clinical and imaging data would provide valuable predictive information. Unfortunately, misclassifications of stroke subtypes based on clinical data and a noncontrast CT scan are common. The final subtyping of stroke is made with all available clinical data, but is heavily influenced by neuroimaging studies that identify the location, size, and vascular distribution of the infarct, or that establish that the arteries supplying the region of stroke are stenotic or occluded. 

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