Immunosensors humanization

The developed amperometric enzyme immunosensor was probed to determine the Klebsiella pneumoniae antigen in the human sera samples. The obtained results were juxtaposed with the data of the bacteriological analysis. 

A.M. Campbell, Monoclonal Antibody and Immunosensor Technology the Production and Application of Rodent and Human Monoclonal Antibodies, Elsevier, Amsterdam (1991). 

Brynda E., Elouska M., Brandenburg A., Wikerstal A., Skvor J., The detection of human P2-microglobulin by grating coupler immunosensor with three-dimensional antibody networks, Biosens. Bioelectron. 1999 14 363-368. 

R.M. Pemberton, T.T. Mottram, and J.P. Hart, Development of a screen-printed carbon electrochemical immunosensor for picomolar concentrations of estradiol in human serum extracts. J. Biochem. Biophys. Methods 63, 201-212 (2005). 

B. Konig and M. Gratzel, Development of a piezoelectric immunosensor for the detection of human erythrocytes. Anal. Chim. Acta 276, 329-333 (1993). 

K. Yagiuda, A. Hemmi, S. Ito, Y. Asano, Y. Fushinuki, C. Chen, and I. Karube, Development of a conductivity-based immunosensor for sensitive detection of methamphetamine (stimulant drug) in human urine. Biosens. Bioelectron. 11, 703-707 (1996). 

A.F. Chetcuti, D.K.Y. Wong, and M.C. Stuart, An indirect perfluorosulfonated ionomer-coated electrochemical immunosensor for the detection of the protein human chorionic gonadotrophin. Anal. Chem. 71, 4088-4094 (1999). 

J. Chen, F. Yan, Z. Dai, and H.X. Ju, Reagentless amperometric immunosensor for human chorionic gonadotrophin based on direct electrochemistry of horseradish peroxidase. Biosens. Bioelectron. 21, 330-336 (2005). 

G.Y. Shen, H. Wang, S.Z. Tan, J.S. D, G.L. Shen, and R.Q. Yu, Detection of antisperm antibody in human serum using a piezoelectric immunosensor based on mixed self-assembled monolayers. Anal. Chim. Acta 540, 279-284 (2005). 

In this section, use of the IO YI as an immunosensor is demonstrated, being relevant, e.g., for identification of biomarkers for early disease detection. The sensor is used to monitor the anti-human serum albumin - human serum albumin (a-HSA-HSA) immunoreaction. 

A reversible, direct fluoroimmunosensor for human serum albumin (HS A) measurement has been described by Bright et al.(m> Antibody Fab fragments are first immobilized on small quartz plates by hinge-region thiols, and then dansylated. The immunosensor is formed by attaching the quartz plates with bound Fab to the distal end of a bifurcated fiber-optic probe, which transmits both the excitation and emission. Binding of ffSA to the immunosensor results in a three- to five-fold enhancement of dansyl fluorescence. The sensor can be reused up to 50 times, with a detection limit of about 1.8 x 10-8 M, and a somewhat limited dynamic range. 

Aizawa et al. developed immunosensors of the first type for syphilis and blood typing [228-230] based on measurements of the transmembrane potential across an immunoresponsive membrane. The potentiometric immunosensor using an antibody against human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)... 

T. M. O Regan, M. Pravda, C.K. O Sullivan and G.G. Guilbault, Development of a disposable immunosensor for the detection of human heart fatty-acid binding protein in human whole blood using screen-printed carbon electrodes, Talanta, 57 (2002) 501-510. 

Konig, B., and Gratzel, M. Detection of human T-lymphocytes with a piezoelectic immunosensor. Anal. Chim. Acta 1993, 281,13-18. 

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