Immunoglobulins subtypes

Immune Blood tests Antibody response to immunization (humoral immunity) serum concentrations of immunoglobulin subtypes (humoral immunity)... 

For monoclonal primary antibodies, nonspecific negative reagent controls may be developed by different methods. The optimal method is an antibody of the same isotype, present in the same immunoglobulin concentration, using the same diluent and exhibiting no specific reactivity with the given human tissues tested. A less optimal alternative is to use mixtures of antibodies representing all or most relevant IgG subtypes. Finally, the diluent itself may also be used as an alternative which, however, is neither efficient nor desirable. 

The primary functions of lymphocytes are to control and be the effector cells for the immune system. Many of these cells also are important synthetic sites for various cytokines. Lymphocytes can be functionally divided into cells that display cell-mediated immunity (T cells) and those that are responsible for humoral immunity (B cells Table 98-2). Several different T-cell subtypes are found in peripheral blood. These include the cytotoxic suppressor T cells (CDS), which attack intracellular pathogens and regulate the size and duration of the immune response, as well as helper T cells (CD4). The latter cells are responsible for delayed hypersensitivity, stimulation of B-ceU differentiation (maturation), and antibody production, in addition to regulation of inflammatory reactions. B lymphocytes ultimately become plasma cells, which produce immunoglobulin specific for an antigen attached to the cell s surface. 

Wiestner A, Rosenwald A, Barry TS, et al. ZAP-70 expression identifies a chronic lymphocytic leukemia subtype with tmmu-tated immunoglobulin genes, inferior clinical outcome, and distinct gene expression profile. Blood. 2003 101(12) 4944-4951. 

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