Immunodominants

Development of a peptide vaccine is derived from the identification of the immunodominant epitope of an antigen (141). A polypeptide based on the amino acid sequence of the epitope can then be synthesized. Preparation of a peptide vaccine has the advantage of allowing for large-scale production of a vaccine at relatively low cost. It also allows for selecting the appropriate T- or B-ceU epitopes to be included in the vaccine, which may be advantageous in some cases. Several vaccines based on peptide approaches, such as SPf66 (95) for malaria and an HIV-1 peptide (142) have been in clinical trials. No peptide vaccines are Hcensed as yet. 

The ABO blood group substances in the red cell membrane are complex glycosphingohpids the immunodominant sugar of A substance is A -acetyl-galactosamine, whereas that of the B substance is galactose. 

Denkers, E.Y., Wassom, D.L. and Flayes, C.E. (1990a) Characterization of Trichinella spiralis antigens sharing an immunodominant, carbohydrate-associated determinant distinct from phosphorylcholine. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 41, 241-249. 

Reason, A.J., Ellis, L.A., Appleton, J.A., Wisnewski, N., Grieve, R.B., McNeil, M., Wassom, D.L., Morris, H.R. and Dell, A. (1994) Novel tyvelose-containing tri- and tetra-antennary N-glycans in the immunodominant antigens of the intracellular parasite TrichineUa spiralis. Glycobiology 4, 593-603. 

Zarlenga, D.S. and Gamble, H.R. (1990) Molecular cloning and expression of an immunodominant 53-kDa excretory-secretory antigen from Trichinella spiralis muscle larvae. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 42, 165-174. 

Adam, R., Kaltmann, B., Rudin, W., Friedrich, T., Marti, T. and Lucius, R. (1996) Identification of chitinase as the immunodominant filarial antigen recognized by sera of vaccinated rodents. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271, 1441-1447. 

Gilleard, J.S., Duncan, J.L. and Tait, A. (1995) An immunodominant antigen on the Dictyocaulus viviparus L3 sheath surface-coat and a related molecule in other strongylid nematodes. Parasitology 11 193-200. 

Tree, T.I.M., Gillespie, A.J., Shepley, K.J., Blaxter, M.L., Tuan, R.S. and Bradley, J.E. (1995) Characterisation of an immunodominant glycoprotein antigen of Onchocerca volvulus with homologues in other filarial nematodes and Caenorhabditis elegans. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology 69, 185-195. 

S hetty J et al. Human sperm proteome immunodominant sperm surface antigens identified with sera from infertile men and women. Biol Reprod 1999 61 61-69. 

Steichen C., Chen P., Kearney J.F., Tumbough C.L., Identification of the immunodominant protein and other proteins of the Bacillus anthracis exosporium, J. Bacteriol. 2003 185 1903-1910. 

V. G. DelVecchio, J. P. Connolly, T. G. Alefantis, A. Walz, M. A. Quan, G. Patra, J. M. Ashton, J. T. Whittington, R. D. Chafin, X. Liang, P. Grewal, A. S. Khan, and C. V. Mujer. 2006. Proteomic Profiling and Identification of Immunodominant Spore Antigens of Bacillus Anthracis, Bacillus Cereus and Bacillus Thuringiensis. Appl. Environ. Microbiol, 72(2006) 6355-6363. 

OE226 Cardaba, B., V. Del Pozo, A. Jurado, et al. Olive pollen allergy searching for immunodominant T-cell epitopes on the Ole e 1 molecule. Clin Exp Allergy 1998 28(4) 413-422. 

The latter approach has been followed in our laboratory. For instance, in studies related to the synthesis of potent multivalent sialoside inhibitors of influenza virus hemagglutinin [34], it became of interest to evaluate the immunogenicity of neoglycoproteins containing sialosides as sole immunodominant hapten. To this end, acetochloroneuraminic acid (1) was transformed into allyl glycoside 2 (Scheme 1) which upon reductive ozonolysis afforded aldehyde 3 in excellent overall yields [35], Reductive amination of 3 to bovine serum albumin (BSA) and tetanus toxoid provided immunogenic vaccines from which specific rabbit IgG anti-sialic acid antibodies were obtained [36]. In order... 

Advances in computer design and improved speed of numerical iteration to make three-dimensional simulation of macromolecules practical without crystallization of proteins. These simulations provide structural information about active sites, binding domains, or immunodominant sites, and confirmation. Integration of these advances allow structure-based and computed-aided drug design. 

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