Ignition ventilation

SPILL CLEAN-UP Use water spray to disperse vapors and to flush spills away from exposures collect liquid in an appropriate container or absorb with sand or other inert material, and place in a chemical waste container remove all sources of ignition ventilate area of spill after clean-up is complete. 

Properties Yel. liq. solvent-like odor sp.gr. 0.96 g/ml dens. 7.99 Ib/gal vapor pressure 6 mm Hg flash pt. (Seta) 30 C ref. index 1.480 Toxicology Inh. and/or repeated skin contact h caused injury to liver, kidney, brain, respiratory system, blood and/or bone marrow in lab animals may aggravate some skin and asthma-type condtions TSCA listed Precaution Flamm. flamm. limits 1.0-10.8% vol. in air eliminate all sources of ignition ventilate if indoors keep away from strong oxidizing materials... 

Precaution Flamm. flamm. limits 1.0-7.6% vol. in air eliminate all sources of ignition, ventilate if indoors keep away from strong oxidizing materials... 

If activated carbon is accidentally released, remove all sources of ignition. Ventilate area of leak or spill. Wear appropriate personal protective equipment. Clean up spills in a manner that does not disperse dust into the air. Use nonsparking tools and equipment. Reduce airborne dust and prevent scattering by moistening with water. Pick up spill for recovery or disposal and place in a closed container. Spent product may have absorbed hazardous materials. 

Precaution Contains 60% 2-butoxyethnaol, 20% 2-ethyl-1-hexanol, 10% Stod. flamm, flamm. limits 0,6-10,6% vol. in air eliminate all sources of ignition, ventilate if indoors keep away from strong oxidizing materials Hazardous Decomp. Prods. Combustion prods. CO, CO2, silicon compds., fluori-nated compds., formaldehyde Storage Reclose containers immediately after use BYK -021 [BYK-Chemie GmbH BYK-Chemie USA]... 

Acetone can be handled safely if common sense precautions are taken. It should be used in a weU-ventilated area, and because of its low flash point, ignition sources should be absent. Flame will travel from an ignition source along vapor flows on floors or bench tops to the point of use. Sinks should be rinsed with water while acetone is being used to clean glassware, to prevent the accumulation of vapors. If prolonged or repeated skin contact with acetone could occur, impermeable protective equipment such as gloves and aprons should be worn. 

Acrylonitrile is combustible and ignites readily, producing toxic combustion products such as hydrogen cyanide, nitrogen oxides, and carbon monoxide. It forms explosive mixtures with air and must be handled in weU-ventilated areas and kept away from any source of ignition, since the vapor can spread to distant ignition sources and flash back. 

Ignition of flammable Provide safe separation distances release resulting in fire. Develop appropriate area electrical or explosion. classification Provide ignition source control Place ignition sources in positive pressure enclosure and buildings Provide adequate ventilation API RP500 BS 5345 BS 5958 NFPA-70 NFPA-77... 

Liquid spills. Possibil- Provide spill control through adequate ity of accumulation of drainage and curbs or dikes flammable liquids. adequate ventilation resulting in fire or explosion hazard. down systems Minimize possibility of ignition Minimize possibility of spills API RP 750 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-24 CCPS G-30 Lees 1996 NFPA 69 NFPA-15... 

Please notice that in a well-ventilated laboratory and a pressure cell, these experiments can be executed safely. In seven years of graduate research activity at the Chemical Engineering Department of the University of Akron, only one catalyst ignition and one real CO alarm occurred. Several false CO alarms were sounded until someone noticed that they always happened about 2 30 PM. As it turned out, one maintenance employee parked his old car right in front of the air intake to the lab ventilation. He warmed up his car for a while before he started to go home after his shift, and the motor exhaust gas set off the false alarms. 

With flammable gases, eliminate all ignition sources (refer to Chapter 6). Possibly provide additional high/low level ventilation background gas detectors to alarm, e.g. at 40% of the LEL. With toxic gases, possibly provide additional local ventilation monitors connected to alarms appropriate air-fed respirators. (The flammable/toxic gas detectors may be linked to automatic shutdown instrumentation.)... 

Use in well-ventilated eonditions and eliminate sourees of ignition. 

Combustible gas detection systems are frequently used in areas of poor ventilation. By the early detection of combustible gas releases before ignitible concentration levels occur, corrective procedures such as shutting down equipment, deactivating electrical circuits and activating ventilation fans can be implemented prior to fire or explosion. Combustible gas detectors are also used to substantiate adequate ventilation. Most combustible gas detection systems, although responsive to a wide range of combustible gases and vapors, are normally calibrated specifically to indicate concentrations of methane since most natural gas is comprised primarily of methane. 

Required locations of gas detectors (sensors) are often specified by the authority having jurisdiction. For example, API RP 14C recommends certain locations for combustible detectors. These recommendations have been legislated into requirements in U.S. Federal waters by the Minerals Management Service. RP 14C should be referred to for specific details, but, basically, combustible gas detectors are required offshore in all inadequately ventilated, classified, enclosed areas. The installation of sensors in nonenclosed areas is seldom either required or necessary. Ignitible or high toxic levels of gas seldom accumulate and remain for significant periods of time in such locations. 

After the fire, the pump (and others) was relocated in the open air, under a canopy, so that small leaks would be dispersed by natural ventilation. It was surrounded by a steam curtain to disperse larger leaks. This would not have been necessary if the pump could have been located more than 150 m from sources of ignition. Gas detectors were installed to give early warning of any leaks. Emergency isolation valves (Section 7.2.1) were provided so that the pumps could be isolated safely from a distance [9]. What happened when another leak occurred is described in Section 7.2.1 (d). 

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